Alignment of Diffusion Model and Flow Matching for Text-to-Image Generation

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Ouyang, Yidong, Xie, Liyan, Zha, Hongyuan, Cheng, Guang
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Ouyang, Yidong
Xie, Liyan
Zha, Hongyuan
Cheng, Guang
author_facet Ouyang, Yidong
Xie, Liyan
Zha, Hongyuan
Cheng, Guang
contents Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function, these approaches require extensive computational resources and may not generalize well across different objectives. In this work, we propose a novel alignment framework by leveraging the underlying nature of the alignment problem -- sampling from reward-weighted distributions -- and show that it applies to both diffusion models (via score guidance) and flow matching models (via velocity guidance). The score function (velocity field) required for the reward-weighted distribution can be decomposed into the pre-trained score (velocity field) plus a conditional expectation of the reward. For the alignment on the diffusion model, we identify a fundamental challenge: the adversarial nature of the guidance term can introduce undesirable artifacts in the generated images. Therefore, we propose a finetuning-free framework that trains a guidance network to estimate the conditional expectation of the reward. We achieve comparable performance to finetuning-based models with one-step generation with at least a 60% reduction in computational cost. For the alignment on flow matching, we propose a training-free framework that improves the generation quality without additional computational cost.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_00413
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Alignment of Diffusion Model and Flow Matching for Text-to-Image Generation
Ouyang, Yidong
Xie, Liyan
Zha, Hongyuan
Cheng, Guang
Machine Learning
Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function, these approaches require extensive computational resources and may not generalize well across different objectives. In this work, we propose a novel alignment framework by leveraging the underlying nature of the alignment problem -- sampling from reward-weighted distributions -- and show that it applies to both diffusion models (via score guidance) and flow matching models (via velocity guidance). The score function (velocity field) required for the reward-weighted distribution can be decomposed into the pre-trained score (velocity field) plus a conditional expectation of the reward. For the alignment on the diffusion model, we identify a fundamental challenge: the adversarial nature of the guidance term can introduce undesirable artifacts in the generated images. Therefore, we propose a finetuning-free framework that trains a guidance network to estimate the conditional expectation of the reward. We achieve comparable performance to finetuning-based models with one-step generation with at least a 60% reduction in computational cost. For the alignment on flow matching, we propose a training-free framework that improves the generation quality without additional computational cost.
title Alignment of Diffusion Model and Flow Matching for Text-to-Image Generation
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00413