Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: McKeown-Green, Amy S., Moradifar, Parivash, Zhang, Zisheng, Lim, Cedric, Barnum, Andrew, Yuan, Lin, Sinclair, Robert, Abild-Pedersen, Frank, Ophus, Colin, Dionne, Jennifer A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00433
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866918316542525440
author McKeown-Green, Amy S.
Moradifar, Parivash
Zhang, Zisheng
Lim, Cedric
Barnum, Andrew
Yuan, Lin
Sinclair, Robert
Abild-Pedersen, Frank
Ophus, Colin
Dionne, Jennifer A.
author_facet McKeown-Green, Amy S.
Moradifar, Parivash
Zhang, Zisheng
Lim, Cedric
Barnum, Andrew
Yuan, Lin
Sinclair, Robert
Abild-Pedersen, Frank
Ophus, Colin
Dionne, Jennifer A.
contents Bimetallic catalysts provide new routes toward sustainable ammonia synthesis, but the structural dynamics controlling their performance under real-world conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we combine in situ gas-cell and multimodal electron microscopy to disentangle the temperature-, pressure-, and chemistry-dependent restructuring of AuRu catalysts, revealing pathways accessible only at atmospheric pressure. As synthesized, AuRu nanocatalysts are polycrystalline face-centered-cubic alloys with Au/Ru intermixing that phase-segregate into Au- and Ru-rich domains with elevated temperature (>450 °C). Increased pressure (~1 atm in 3:1, hydrogen:nitrogen) unlocks pronounced faceting and internal nanovoid formation, which systematic gas-chemistry variation identifies as hydrogen-driven. Density functional theory-based interatomic potentials show that hydrogen can amplify Au/Ru diffusion asymmetry, promoting nanovoid formation via a gas-mediated Kirkendall mechanism. Together, these results bridge the pressure gap between traditional in situ electron microscopy and benchtop ammonia reactors, enabling resolution of distinct restructuring stimuli in multicomponent systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_00433
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Ammonia Catalyst Evolution Under Reactor Conditions Revealed by Environmental and Multimodal Electron Microscopy
McKeown-Green, Amy S.
Moradifar, Parivash
Zhang, Zisheng
Lim, Cedric
Barnum, Andrew
Yuan, Lin
Sinclair, Robert
Abild-Pedersen, Frank
Ophus, Colin
Dionne, Jennifer A.
Materials Science
Bimetallic catalysts provide new routes toward sustainable ammonia synthesis, but the structural dynamics controlling their performance under real-world conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we combine in situ gas-cell and multimodal electron microscopy to disentangle the temperature-, pressure-, and chemistry-dependent restructuring of AuRu catalysts, revealing pathways accessible only at atmospheric pressure. As synthesized, AuRu nanocatalysts are polycrystalline face-centered-cubic alloys with Au/Ru intermixing that phase-segregate into Au- and Ru-rich domains with elevated temperature (>450 °C). Increased pressure (~1 atm in 3:1, hydrogen:nitrogen) unlocks pronounced faceting and internal nanovoid formation, which systematic gas-chemistry variation identifies as hydrogen-driven. Density functional theory-based interatomic potentials show that hydrogen can amplify Au/Ru diffusion asymmetry, promoting nanovoid formation via a gas-mediated Kirkendall mechanism. Together, these results bridge the pressure gap between traditional in situ electron microscopy and benchtop ammonia reactors, enabling resolution of distinct restructuring stimuli in multicomponent systems.
title Ammonia Catalyst Evolution Under Reactor Conditions Revealed by Environmental and Multimodal Electron Microscopy
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00433