NCP: Neighborhood-Preserving Non-Uniform Circle Packing for Visualization

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Li, Duan, Yuan, Jun, Guo, Xinyuan, Wang, Xiting, Liu, Yang, Yang, Weikai, Liu, Shixia
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Li, Duan
Yuan, Jun
Guo, Xinyuan
Wang, Xiting
Liu, Yang
Yang, Weikai
Liu, Shixia
author_facet Li, Duan
Yuan, Jun
Guo, Xinyuan
Wang, Xiting
Liu, Yang
Yang, Weikai
Liu, Shixia
contents Circle packing is widely used in visualization due to its aesthetic appeal and simplicity, particularly in tasks where the spatial arrangement and relationships between data are of interest, such as understanding proximity relationships (e.g., images with categories) or analyzing quantitative data (e.g., housing prices). Many applications require preserving neighborhood relationships while encoding a quantitative attribute using radii for data analysis. To meet these two requirements simultaneously, we present a neighborhood-preserving non-uniform circle packing method, NCP. This method preserves neighborhood relationships between the data represented by non-uniform circles to comprehensively analyze similar data and an attribute of interest. We formulate neighborhood-preserving non-uniform circle packing as a planar graph embedding problem based on the circle packing theorem. This formulation leads to a non-convex optimization problem, which can be solved by the continuation method. We conduct a quantitative evaluation and present two use cases to demonstrate that our NCP method can effectively generate non-uniform circle packing results.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_00668
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle NCP: Neighborhood-Preserving Non-Uniform Circle Packing for Visualization
Li, Duan
Yuan, Jun
Guo, Xinyuan
Wang, Xiting
Liu, Yang
Yang, Weikai
Liu, Shixia
Human-Computer Interaction
Circle packing is widely used in visualization due to its aesthetic appeal and simplicity, particularly in tasks where the spatial arrangement and relationships between data are of interest, such as understanding proximity relationships (e.g., images with categories) or analyzing quantitative data (e.g., housing prices). Many applications require preserving neighborhood relationships while encoding a quantitative attribute using radii for data analysis. To meet these two requirements simultaneously, we present a neighborhood-preserving non-uniform circle packing method, NCP. This method preserves neighborhood relationships between the data represented by non-uniform circles to comprehensively analyze similar data and an attribute of interest. We formulate neighborhood-preserving non-uniform circle packing as a planar graph embedding problem based on the circle packing theorem. This formulation leads to a non-convex optimization problem, which can be solved by the continuation method. We conduct a quantitative evaluation and present two use cases to demonstrate that our NCP method can effectively generate non-uniform circle packing results.
title NCP: Neighborhood-Preserving Non-Uniform Circle Packing for Visualization
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00668