Do Schwartz Higher-Order Values Help Sentence-Level Human Value Detection? A Study of Hierarchical Gating and Calibration
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915921174462464 |
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| author | Yeste, Víctor Rosso, Paolo |
| author_facet | Yeste, Víctor Rosso, Paolo |
| contents | Human value detection from single sentences is a sparse, imbalanced multi-label task. We study whether Schwartz higher-order (HO) categories help this setting on ValueEval'24 / ValuesML (74K English sentences) under a compute-frugal budget. Rather than proposing a new architecture, we compare direct supervised transformers, hard HO$\rightarrow$values pipelines, Presence$\rightarrow$HO$\rightarrow$values cascades, compact instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs), QLoRA, and low-cost upgrades such as threshold tuning and small ensembles. HO categories are learnable: the easiest bipolar pair, Growth vs. Self-Protection, reaches Macro-$F_1=0.58$. The most reliable gains come from calibration and ensembling: threshold tuning improves Social Focus vs. Personal Focus from $0.41$ to $0.57$ ($+0.16$), transformer soft voting lifts Growth from $0.286$ to $0.303$, and a Transformer+LLM hybrid reaches $0.353$ on Self-Protection. In contrast, hard hierarchical gating does not consistently improve the end task. Compact LLMs also underperform supervised encoders as stand-alone systems, although they sometimes add useful diversity in hybrid ensembles. Under this benchmark, the HO structure is more useful as an inductive bias than as a rigid routing rule. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_00913 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Do Schwartz Higher-Order Values Help Sentence-Level Human Value Detection? A Study of Hierarchical Gating and Calibration Yeste, Víctor Rosso, Paolo Computation and Language Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning I.2.7; I.2.6; K.4.1 Human value detection from single sentences is a sparse, imbalanced multi-label task. We study whether Schwartz higher-order (HO) categories help this setting on ValueEval'24 / ValuesML (74K English sentences) under a compute-frugal budget. Rather than proposing a new architecture, we compare direct supervised transformers, hard HO$\rightarrow$values pipelines, Presence$\rightarrow$HO$\rightarrow$values cascades, compact instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs), QLoRA, and low-cost upgrades such as threshold tuning and small ensembles. HO categories are learnable: the easiest bipolar pair, Growth vs. Self-Protection, reaches Macro-$F_1=0.58$. The most reliable gains come from calibration and ensembling: threshold tuning improves Social Focus vs. Personal Focus from $0.41$ to $0.57$ ($+0.16$), transformer soft voting lifts Growth from $0.286$ to $0.303$, and a Transformer+LLM hybrid reaches $0.353$ on Self-Protection. In contrast, hard hierarchical gating does not consistently improve the end task. Compact LLMs also underperform supervised encoders as stand-alone systems, although they sometimes add useful diversity in hybrid ensembles. Under this benchmark, the HO structure is more useful as an inductive bias than as a rigid routing rule. |
| title | Do Schwartz Higher-Order Values Help Sentence-Level Human Value Detection? A Study of Hierarchical Gating and Calibration |
| topic | Computation and Language Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning I.2.7; I.2.6; K.4.1 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00913 |