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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00998 |
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Table of Contents:
- Recent large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on mathematical benchmarks yet often misapply lemmas, importing conclusions without validating assumptions. We formalize lemma$-$judging as a structured prediction task: given a statement and a candidate lemma, the model must output a precondition check and a conclusion$-$utility check, from which a usefulness decision is derived. We present RULES, which encodes this specification via a two$-$section output and trains with reinforcement learning plus section$-$aware loss masking to assign penalty to the section responsible for errors. Training and evaluation draw on diverse natural language and formal proof corpora; robustness is assessed with a held$-$out perturbation suite; and end$-$to$-$end evaluation spans competition$-$style, perturbation$-$aligned, and theorem$-$based problems across various LLMs. Results show consistent in$-$domain gains over both a vanilla model and a single$-$label RL baseline, larger improvements on applicability$-$breaking perturbations, and parity or modest gains on end$-$to$-$end tasks; ablations indicate that the two$-$section outputs and section$-$aware reinforcement are both necessary for robustness.