Geometry-driven splitting dynamics of a triply quantized vortex in a ring-shaped condensate
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917239654973440 |
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| author | Jia, Sixun Wang, Xin Wu, Xiaofeng Wang, Shuhang Zhang, Bo Xiong, Bo |
| author_facet | Jia, Sixun Wang, Xin Wu, Xiaofeng Wang, Shuhang Zhang, Bo Xiong, Bo |
| contents | We study the splitting dynamics of a triply quantized vortex (TQV) confined in a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate under a weakly elliptical harmonic trap. Using full 3D simulations in cylindrical coordinates, combined with a semi-analytical energy analysis, we show that the vortex preferentially splits along the long axis of the trap, a direction that minimizes the kinetic-energy cost relative to the initial TQV state. Systematic parameter scans reveal that initial quantum fluctuations increase the splitting time and suppress the transient three-core pattern observed in noise-free simulations, whereas stronger nonlinear interactions accelerate the splitting. When the trap is nearly isotropic, the unstable Bogoliubov modes are dominated by both azimuthal quantum number $l_q=3$ and $l_q=2$; this leads to a dynamical sequence where three daughter vortices first form a triangular arrangement, later evolving into a linear chain. For stronger anisotropy, geometric coupling selectively enhances the $l_q=2$ mode, making it the sole dominant channel and resulting directly in linear vortex alignment -- a clear signature of geometry-induced mode competition explained through combined energy-based and Bogoliubov stability analysis. Our results provide a quantitative picture of how trap geometry can steer the instability pathway, splitting time, and final pattern of a multiply quantized vortex, offering a route toward geometry-controlled vortex engineering. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_01256 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Geometry-driven splitting dynamics of a triply quantized vortex in a ring-shaped condensate Jia, Sixun Wang, Xin Wu, Xiaofeng Wang, Shuhang Zhang, Bo Xiong, Bo Quantum Gases We study the splitting dynamics of a triply quantized vortex (TQV) confined in a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate under a weakly elliptical harmonic trap. Using full 3D simulations in cylindrical coordinates, combined with a semi-analytical energy analysis, we show that the vortex preferentially splits along the long axis of the trap, a direction that minimizes the kinetic-energy cost relative to the initial TQV state. Systematic parameter scans reveal that initial quantum fluctuations increase the splitting time and suppress the transient three-core pattern observed in noise-free simulations, whereas stronger nonlinear interactions accelerate the splitting. When the trap is nearly isotropic, the unstable Bogoliubov modes are dominated by both azimuthal quantum number $l_q=3$ and $l_q=2$; this leads to a dynamical sequence where three daughter vortices first form a triangular arrangement, later evolving into a linear chain. For stronger anisotropy, geometric coupling selectively enhances the $l_q=2$ mode, making it the sole dominant channel and resulting directly in linear vortex alignment -- a clear signature of geometry-induced mode competition explained through combined energy-based and Bogoliubov stability analysis. Our results provide a quantitative picture of how trap geometry can steer the instability pathway, splitting time, and final pattern of a multiply quantized vortex, offering a route toward geometry-controlled vortex engineering. |
| title | Geometry-driven splitting dynamics of a triply quantized vortex in a ring-shaped condensate |
| topic | Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01256 |