When Feasibility of Fairness Audits Relies on Willingness to Share Data: Examining User Acceptance of Multi-Party Computation Protocols for Fairness Monitoring

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: He, Changyang, Jahangirirad, Parnian, Kyi, Lin, Biega, Asia J.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author He, Changyang
Jahangirirad, Parnian
Kyi, Lin
Biega, Asia J.
author_facet He, Changyang
Jahangirirad, Parnian
Kyi, Lin
Biega, Asia J.
contents Fairness monitoring is critical for detecting algorithmic bias, as mandated by the EU AI Act. Since such monitoring requires sensitive user data (e.g., ethnicity), the AI Act permits its processing only with strict privacy measures, such as multi-party computation (MPC), in compliance with the GDPR. However, the effectiveness of such secure monitoring protocols ultimately depends on people's willingness to share their data. Little is known about how different MPC protocol designs shape user acceptance. To address this, we conducted an online survey with 833 participants in Europe, examining user acceptance of various MPC protocol designs for fairness monitoring. Findings suggest that users prioritized risk-related attributes (e.g., privacy protection mechanism) in direct evaluation but benefit-related attributes (e.g., fairness objective) in simulated choices, with acceptance shaped by their fairness and privacy orientations. We derive implications for deploying and communicating privacy-preserving protocols in ways that foster informed consent and align with user expectations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_01846
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle When Feasibility of Fairness Audits Relies on Willingness to Share Data: Examining User Acceptance of Multi-Party Computation Protocols for Fairness Monitoring
He, Changyang
Jahangirirad, Parnian
Kyi, Lin
Biega, Asia J.
Human-Computer Interaction
Cryptography and Security
Computers and Society
Fairness monitoring is critical for detecting algorithmic bias, as mandated by the EU AI Act. Since such monitoring requires sensitive user data (e.g., ethnicity), the AI Act permits its processing only with strict privacy measures, such as multi-party computation (MPC), in compliance with the GDPR. However, the effectiveness of such secure monitoring protocols ultimately depends on people's willingness to share their data. Little is known about how different MPC protocol designs shape user acceptance. To address this, we conducted an online survey with 833 participants in Europe, examining user acceptance of various MPC protocol designs for fairness monitoring. Findings suggest that users prioritized risk-related attributes (e.g., privacy protection mechanism) in direct evaluation but benefit-related attributes (e.g., fairness objective) in simulated choices, with acceptance shaped by their fairness and privacy orientations. We derive implications for deploying and communicating privacy-preserving protocols in ways that foster informed consent and align with user expectations.
title When Feasibility of Fairness Audits Relies on Willingness to Share Data: Examining User Acceptance of Multi-Party Computation Protocols for Fairness Monitoring
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Cryptography and Security
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01846