Internal Trajectories and Observation Effects in Langevin Splitting Schemes

Fuente: arXiv
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Autore principale: Keller, Bettina G.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Keller, Bettina G.
author_facet Keller, Bettina G.
contents Langevin integrators based on operator splitting are widely used in molecular dynamics. This work examines Langevin splitting schemes from the perspective of their internal trajectories and observation points, complementing existing generator-based analyses. By exploiting merging, splitting, and cyclic permutation of elementary update operators, formally distinct schemes can be grouped according to identical or closely related trajectories. Accuracy differences arising from momentum updates and observation points are quantified for configurational sampling, free-energy estimates, and transition rates. While modern Langevin integrators are remarkably stable under standard simulation conditions, subtle but systematic biases emerge at large friction coefficients and time steps. These results clarify when accuracy differences between splitting schemes matter in practice and provide an intuitive framework for understanding observation effects.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_01923
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Internal Trajectories and Observation Effects in Langevin Splitting Schemes
Keller, Bettina G.
Statistical Mechanics
Chemical Physics
Computational Physics
Langevin integrators based on operator splitting are widely used in molecular dynamics. This work examines Langevin splitting schemes from the perspective of their internal trajectories and observation points, complementing existing generator-based analyses. By exploiting merging, splitting, and cyclic permutation of elementary update operators, formally distinct schemes can be grouped according to identical or closely related trajectories. Accuracy differences arising from momentum updates and observation points are quantified for configurational sampling, free-energy estimates, and transition rates. While modern Langevin integrators are remarkably stable under standard simulation conditions, subtle but systematic biases emerge at large friction coefficients and time steps. These results clarify when accuracy differences between splitting schemes matter in practice and provide an intuitive framework for understanding observation effects.
title Internal Trajectories and Observation Effects in Langevin Splitting Schemes
topic Statistical Mechanics
Chemical Physics
Computational Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01923