Rethinking the Role of Entropy in Optimizing Tool-Use Behaviors for Large Language Model Agents

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Zeping, Wang, Hongru, Zhao, Yiwen, Chen, Guanhua, Li, Yixia, Chen, Keyang, Cao, Yixin, Ye, Guangnan, Chai, Hongfeng, Yin, Zhenfei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Li, Zeping
Wang, Hongru
Zhao, Yiwen
Chen, Guanhua
Li, Yixia
Chen, Keyang
Cao, Yixin
Ye, Guangnan
Chai, Hongfeng
Yin, Zhenfei
author_facet Li, Zeping
Wang, Hongru
Zhao, Yiwen
Chen, Guanhua
Li, Yixia
Chen, Keyang
Cao, Yixin
Ye, Guangnan
Chai, Hongfeng
Yin, Zhenfei
contents Tool-using agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in tasks such as mathematical reasoning and multi-hop question answering. However, in long trajectories, agents often trigger excessive and low-quality tool calls, increasing latency and degrading inference performance, making managing tool-use behavior challenging. In this work, we conduct entropy-based pilot experiments and observe a strong positive correlation between entropy reduction and high-quality tool calls. Building on this finding, we propose using entropy reduction as a supervisory signal and design two reward strategies to address the differing needs of optimizing tool-use behavior. Sparse outcome rewards provide coarse, trajectory-level guidance to improve efficiency, while dense process rewards offer fine-grained supervision to enhance performance. Experiments across diverse domains show that both reward designs improve tool-use behavior: the former reduces tool calls by 72.07% compared to the average of baselines, while the latter improves performance by 22.27%. These results position entropy reduction as a key mechanism for enhancing tool-use behavior, enabling agents to be more adaptive in real-world applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_02050
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Rethinking the Role of Entropy in Optimizing Tool-Use Behaviors for Large Language Model Agents
Li, Zeping
Wang, Hongru
Zhao, Yiwen
Chen, Guanhua
Li, Yixia
Chen, Keyang
Cao, Yixin
Ye, Guangnan
Chai, Hongfeng
Yin, Zhenfei
Artificial Intelligence
Software Engineering
Tool-using agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in tasks such as mathematical reasoning and multi-hop question answering. However, in long trajectories, agents often trigger excessive and low-quality tool calls, increasing latency and degrading inference performance, making managing tool-use behavior challenging. In this work, we conduct entropy-based pilot experiments and observe a strong positive correlation between entropy reduction and high-quality tool calls. Building on this finding, we propose using entropy reduction as a supervisory signal and design two reward strategies to address the differing needs of optimizing tool-use behavior. Sparse outcome rewards provide coarse, trajectory-level guidance to improve efficiency, while dense process rewards offer fine-grained supervision to enhance performance. Experiments across diverse domains show that both reward designs improve tool-use behavior: the former reduces tool calls by 72.07% compared to the average of baselines, while the latter improves performance by 22.27%. These results position entropy reduction as a key mechanism for enhancing tool-use behavior, enabling agents to be more adaptive in real-world applications.
title Rethinking the Role of Entropy in Optimizing Tool-Use Behaviors for Large Language Model Agents
topic Artificial Intelligence
Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02050