Investigation of the shape of uranium in relativistic $^{238}$U+$^{238}$U collisions with nuclear densities from covariant density functional theory
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866914301676093440 |
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| author | Li, Yuan Xu, Hao-jie Zhang, Dandan Ma, Guo-Liang |
| author_facet | Li, Yuan Xu, Hao-jie Zhang, Dandan Ma, Guo-Liang |
| contents | Relativistic $^{238}$U+$^{238}$U collisions have recently been used to extract the quadrupole shape of $^{238}$U. In this study, we employ state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) lattice covariant density functional theory (CDFT) with pairing correlations to calculate the density of uranium, including its octupole and hexadecaople deformations, as input for hydrodynamic simulations of these collisions. We find that while the CDFT density well describes elliptic flow, a clear mismatch emerges with transverse-momentum-related observables, indicating a tension in the effective quadrupole deformation. Furthermore, constraining the octupole deformation with triangular flow $v_{3}$ proves to be difficult due to significant sensitivity to the uncertain nuclear structure of the gold reference system. Our results underscore the necessity of realistic nuclear densities for both colliding species and highlight the need for further investigation of correlations related to both flow and transverse momentum to fully characterize nuclear deformation. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_02336 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Investigation of the shape of uranium in relativistic $^{238}$U+$^{238}$U collisions with nuclear densities from covariant density functional theory Li, Yuan Xu, Hao-jie Zhang, Dandan Ma, Guo-Liang Nuclear Theory Nuclear Experiment Relativistic $^{238}$U+$^{238}$U collisions have recently been used to extract the quadrupole shape of $^{238}$U. In this study, we employ state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) lattice covariant density functional theory (CDFT) with pairing correlations to calculate the density of uranium, including its octupole and hexadecaople deformations, as input for hydrodynamic simulations of these collisions. We find that while the CDFT density well describes elliptic flow, a clear mismatch emerges with transverse-momentum-related observables, indicating a tension in the effective quadrupole deformation. Furthermore, constraining the octupole deformation with triangular flow $v_{3}$ proves to be difficult due to significant sensitivity to the uncertain nuclear structure of the gold reference system. Our results underscore the necessity of realistic nuclear densities for both colliding species and highlight the need for further investigation of correlations related to both flow and transverse momentum to fully characterize nuclear deformation. |
| title | Investigation of the shape of uranium in relativistic $^{238}$U+$^{238}$U collisions with nuclear densities from covariant density functional theory |
| topic | Nuclear Theory Nuclear Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02336 |