Augmenting Parameter-Efficient Pre-trained Language Models with Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Anand, Saurabh, Malaviya, Shubham, Shukla, Manish, Lodha, Sachin
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Anand, Saurabh
Malaviya, Shubham
Shukla, Manish
Lodha, Sachin
author_facet Anand, Saurabh
Malaviya, Shubham
Shukla, Manish
Lodha, Sachin
contents Training AI models in cybersecurity with help of vast datasets offers significant opportunities to mimic real-world behaviors effectively. However, challenges like data drift and scarcity of labelled data lead to frequent updates of models and the risk of overfitting. To address these challenges, we used parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques for pre-trained language models wherein we combine compacters with various layer freezing strategies. To enhance the capabilities of these pre-trained language models, in this work we introduce two strategies that use large language models. In the first strategy, we utilize large language models as data-labelling tools wherein they generate labels for unlabeled data. In the second strategy, large language modes are utilized as fallback mechanisms for predictions having low confidence scores. We perform comprehensive experimental analysis on the proposed strategies on different downstream tasks specific to cybersecurity domain. We empirically demonstrate that by combining parameter-efficient pre-trained models with large language models, we can improve the reliability and robustness of models, making them more suitable for real-world cybersecurity applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_02501
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Augmenting Parameter-Efficient Pre-trained Language Models with Large Language Models
Anand, Saurabh
Malaviya, Shubham
Shukla, Manish
Lodha, Sachin
Machine Learning
Cryptography and Security
Training AI models in cybersecurity with help of vast datasets offers significant opportunities to mimic real-world behaviors effectively. However, challenges like data drift and scarcity of labelled data lead to frequent updates of models and the risk of overfitting. To address these challenges, we used parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques for pre-trained language models wherein we combine compacters with various layer freezing strategies. To enhance the capabilities of these pre-trained language models, in this work we introduce two strategies that use large language models. In the first strategy, we utilize large language models as data-labelling tools wherein they generate labels for unlabeled data. In the second strategy, large language modes are utilized as fallback mechanisms for predictions having low confidence scores. We perform comprehensive experimental analysis on the proposed strategies on different downstream tasks specific to cybersecurity domain. We empirically demonstrate that by combining parameter-efficient pre-trained models with large language models, we can improve the reliability and robustness of models, making them more suitable for real-world cybersecurity applications.
title Augmenting Parameter-Efficient Pre-trained Language Models with Large Language Models
topic Machine Learning
Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02501