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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02687 |
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| _version_ | 1866910009698287616 |
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| author | Cartwright, Casey Chudasama, Ruchi Gleyzer, Sergei Ilyas, Durdana Kaminski, Matthias Knipfer, Marco Zhang, Jun |
| author_facet | Cartwright, Casey Chudasama, Ruchi Gleyzer, Sergei Ilyas, Durdana Kaminski, Matthias Knipfer, Marco Zhang, Jun |
| contents | The speed of sound is a key parameter for characterizing equilibrium states. However, sound waves change their properties when propagating through rapidly evolving anisotropic media, such as the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. This paper uses $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super-Yang-Mills theory to numerically study the time evolution of the speed and attenuation of sound modes along with the relaxation time in a plasma undergoing Bjorken expansion from various initial states in a quasi-static approximation. The longitudinal Bjorken expansion breaks the isotropy, resulting in two distinct sound speeds that range from just below the conformal value to the speed of light. An anisotropic hydrodynamic description is constructed and its applicability is discussed. Implications for the analysis of heavy ion data are considered. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_02687 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Anisotropic time evolution of sound modes in Bjorken expanding holographic plasma Cartwright, Casey Chudasama, Ruchi Gleyzer, Sergei Ilyas, Durdana Kaminski, Matthias Knipfer, Marco Zhang, Jun Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Experiment The speed of sound is a key parameter for characterizing equilibrium states. However, sound waves change their properties when propagating through rapidly evolving anisotropic media, such as the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. This paper uses $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super-Yang-Mills theory to numerically study the time evolution of the speed and attenuation of sound modes along with the relaxation time in a plasma undergoing Bjorken expansion from various initial states in a quasi-static approximation. The longitudinal Bjorken expansion breaks the isotropy, resulting in two distinct sound speeds that range from just below the conformal value to the speed of light. An anisotropic hydrodynamic description is constructed and its applicability is discussed. Implications for the analysis of heavy ion data are considered. |
| title | Anisotropic time evolution of sound modes in Bjorken expanding holographic plasma |
| topic | Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02687 |