Prefix Consensus For Censorship Resistant BFT

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Xiang, Zhuolun, Tonkikh, Andrei, Spiegelman, Alexander
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Xiang, Zhuolun
Tonkikh, Andrei
Spiegelman, Alexander
author_facet Xiang, Zhuolun
Tonkikh, Andrei
Spiegelman, Alexander
contents Despite broad use of BFT consensus in blockchains, censorship resistance is weak: leaders can exclude transactions, a growing concern for trading and DeFi. We address this by introducing a new abstraction and protocol stack. First, we introduce \emph{Prefix Consensus}, where parties input vectors and output $(v^{\sf low},v^{\sf high})$ that (i) extend the maximum common prefix of honest inputs and (ii) satisfy $v_i^{\sf low}\preceq v_j^{\sf high}$ for all honest $i,j$. Unlike classical consensus, no single output is required. We show Prefix Consensus is solvable asynchronously and give tight round-complexity bounds. We then define \emph{Strong Prefix Consensus}, requiring agreement on the \emph{high} output. Our protocol is leaderless and partially synchronous: one Prefix Consensus instance decides (possibly different) lows, and additional instances yield a unique safe-to-extend high, even if an adversary can suspend one party per round. We lift this to a leaderless, multi-proposer, censorship-resistant BFT SMR protocol: per slot, all parties broadcast proposals, deterministically rank them, and run one Strong Prefix Consensus on proposal hashes, committing honest proposals in \emph{four rounds}. A deterministic demotion rule updates the ranking when a party's proposal is excluded, implying that after GST at most $f$ slots can miss an honest proposal while progress remains leaderless under suspension and up to $f{-}1$ Byzantine faults. Finally, we connect Prefix Consensus to graded and binary/validated consensus: we obtain an optimal-latency graded consensus (3 message delays) and leaderless Binary/Validated Consensus with worst-case message complexity $O(n^3)$ and communication $O(n^4)$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_02892
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Prefix Consensus For Censorship Resistant BFT
Xiang, Zhuolun
Tonkikh, Andrei
Spiegelman, Alexander
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Despite broad use of BFT consensus in blockchains, censorship resistance is weak: leaders can exclude transactions, a growing concern for trading and DeFi. We address this by introducing a new abstraction and protocol stack. First, we introduce \emph{Prefix Consensus}, where parties input vectors and output $(v^{\sf low},v^{\sf high})$ that (i) extend the maximum common prefix of honest inputs and (ii) satisfy $v_i^{\sf low}\preceq v_j^{\sf high}$ for all honest $i,j$. Unlike classical consensus, no single output is required. We show Prefix Consensus is solvable asynchronously and give tight round-complexity bounds. We then define \emph{Strong Prefix Consensus}, requiring agreement on the \emph{high} output. Our protocol is leaderless and partially synchronous: one Prefix Consensus instance decides (possibly different) lows, and additional instances yield a unique safe-to-extend high, even if an adversary can suspend one party per round. We lift this to a leaderless, multi-proposer, censorship-resistant BFT SMR protocol: per slot, all parties broadcast proposals, deterministically rank them, and run one Strong Prefix Consensus on proposal hashes, committing honest proposals in \emph{four rounds}. A deterministic demotion rule updates the ranking when a party's proposal is excluded, implying that after GST at most $f$ slots can miss an honest proposal while progress remains leaderless under suspension and up to $f{-}1$ Byzantine faults. Finally, we connect Prefix Consensus to graded and binary/validated consensus: we obtain an optimal-latency graded consensus (3 message delays) and leaderless Binary/Validated Consensus with worst-case message complexity $O(n^3)$ and communication $O(n^4)$.
title Prefix Consensus For Censorship Resistant BFT
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02892