Long-term timing evolution of four Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars
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2026
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| author | Peng, Han-Long Weng, Shan-Shan Ge, Ming-Yu Zhou, Shi-Qi Gügercinoğlu, Erbil Ye, Wen-Tao Tuo, You-Li Zhang, Liang Zhang, Juan Zheng, Shi-Jie Zheng, Yu-Jia Wang, Xian-Ao |
| author_facet | Peng, Han-Long Weng, Shan-Shan Ge, Ming-Yu Zhou, Shi-Qi Gügercinoğlu, Erbil Ye, Wen-Tao Tuo, You-Li Zhang, Liang Zhang, Juan Zheng, Shi-Jie Zheng, Yu-Jia Wang, Xian-Ao |
| contents | Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are believed to be manifestations of magnetars. Typically, AXPs exhibit higher X-ray luminosities, whereas SGRs are generally fainter and display significantly high signal-to-noise ratios only during their outburst phases. In this work, we report the long-term timing evolution of four AXPs: 1E 2259+586, 4U 0142+61, 1RXS J170849.0-400910 and 1E 1841-045, which were regularly monitored with NICER from 2017 to 2024. Over this period, we identify a total of 10 timing events. In addition to one glitch and one anti-glitch in 1E 2259+586 reported in literature, we detect another 8 new timing events: 5 glitches, 2 anti-glitches, and 1 unusual state transition event. Notably, both anti-glitches were observed in 4U 0142+61, making it the most frequent source of such events, and there is a hint of regular evolution in its pulse profile. In the case of 1RXS J170849.0-400910, it continues to exhibit pronounced high-frequency timing anomalies and undergoes a state transition event. Finally, we study the evolution of the pulse profiles and find that the profiles of 1E 2259+586 and 4U 0142+61 both evolve. This is consistent with the earlier finding that pulse profile evolution is a generic feature of magnetars. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_03078 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Long-term timing evolution of four Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars Peng, Han-Long Weng, Shan-Shan Ge, Ming-Yu Zhou, Shi-Qi Gügercinoğlu, Erbil Ye, Wen-Tao Tuo, You-Li Zhang, Liang Zhang, Juan Zheng, Shi-Jie Zheng, Yu-Jia Wang, Xian-Ao High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are believed to be manifestations of magnetars. Typically, AXPs exhibit higher X-ray luminosities, whereas SGRs are generally fainter and display significantly high signal-to-noise ratios only during their outburst phases. In this work, we report the long-term timing evolution of four AXPs: 1E 2259+586, 4U 0142+61, 1RXS J170849.0-400910 and 1E 1841-045, which were regularly monitored with NICER from 2017 to 2024. Over this period, we identify a total of 10 timing events. In addition to one glitch and one anti-glitch in 1E 2259+586 reported in literature, we detect another 8 new timing events: 5 glitches, 2 anti-glitches, and 1 unusual state transition event. Notably, both anti-glitches were observed in 4U 0142+61, making it the most frequent source of such events, and there is a hint of regular evolution in its pulse profile. In the case of 1RXS J170849.0-400910, it continues to exhibit pronounced high-frequency timing anomalies and undergoes a state transition event. Finally, we study the evolution of the pulse profiles and find that the profiles of 1E 2259+586 and 4U 0142+61 both evolve. This is consistent with the earlier finding that pulse profile evolution is a generic feature of magnetars. |
| title | Long-term timing evolution of four Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03078 |