Evidence for deviation in gravitational light deflection from general relativity at cosmological scales with KiDS-Legacy and CMB lensing
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2026
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| author | Du, Guo-Hong Li, Tian-Nuo Liu, Tonghua Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin |
| author_facet | Du, Guo-Hong Li, Tian-Nuo Liu, Tonghua Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin |
| contents | General relativity (GR) faces challenges from cosmic acceleration and observational tensions, necessitating stringent tests at cosmological scales. In this work, we probe GR deviations via a $μ$--$Σ$ modified gravity parameterization, integrating KiDS-Legacy weak lensing (WL) data (1347 deg$^2$, $z\leq 2.0$), joint cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck, ACT, and SPT, DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES-Dovekie supernova data. KiDS-Legacy significantly improves constraint precision: $μ_0$ (matter clustering) by $\sim 60\%$ and $Σ_0$ (gravitational light deflection) by $\sim 43\%$ relative to CMB alone. In the $Λ$CDM background, $μ_0 = 0.21\pm 0.21$ is consistent with GR, while $Σ_0 = 0.149\pm 0.051$ deviates from GR at the 3.0$σ$ level. Furthermore, within the observationally preferred $w_0w_a$CDM background, this deviation in gravitational light deflection persists at the 2.2$σ$ level. This deviation is likely driven by the higher amplitudes in the large-scale CMB lensing measurements. This precise separation of GR-consistent matter clustering and deviant light deflection provides key observational clues for new physics or data systematics. Our work underscores the critical role of synergizing high-precision CMB and WL data in advancing GR tests. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_03110 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Evidence for deviation in gravitational light deflection from general relativity at cosmological scales with KiDS-Legacy and CMB lensing Du, Guo-Hong Li, Tian-Nuo Liu, Tonghua Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory General relativity (GR) faces challenges from cosmic acceleration and observational tensions, necessitating stringent tests at cosmological scales. In this work, we probe GR deviations via a $μ$--$Σ$ modified gravity parameterization, integrating KiDS-Legacy weak lensing (WL) data (1347 deg$^2$, $z\leq 2.0$), joint cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck, ACT, and SPT, DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES-Dovekie supernova data. KiDS-Legacy significantly improves constraint precision: $μ_0$ (matter clustering) by $\sim 60\%$ and $Σ_0$ (gravitational light deflection) by $\sim 43\%$ relative to CMB alone. In the $Λ$CDM background, $μ_0 = 0.21\pm 0.21$ is consistent with GR, while $Σ_0 = 0.149\pm 0.051$ deviates from GR at the 3.0$σ$ level. Furthermore, within the observationally preferred $w_0w_a$CDM background, this deviation in gravitational light deflection persists at the 2.2$σ$ level. This deviation is likely driven by the higher amplitudes in the large-scale CMB lensing measurements. This precise separation of GR-consistent matter clustering and deviant light deflection provides key observational clues for new physics or data systematics. Our work underscores the critical role of synergizing high-precision CMB and WL data in advancing GR tests. |
| title | Evidence for deviation in gravitational light deflection from general relativity at cosmological scales with KiDS-Legacy and CMB lensing |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03110 |