Model-based Optimal Control for Rigid-Soft Underactuated Systems

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Caradonna, Daniele, Nair, Nikhil, Mathew, Anup Teejo, Talegón, Daniel Feliu, Afgan, Imran, Falotico, Egidio, Della Santina, Cosimo, Renda, Federico
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866914304103546880
author Caradonna, Daniele
Nair, Nikhil
Mathew, Anup Teejo
Talegón, Daniel Feliu
Afgan, Imran
Falotico, Egidio
Della Santina, Cosimo
Renda, Federico
author_facet Caradonna, Daniele
Nair, Nikhil
Mathew, Anup Teejo
Talegón, Daniel Feliu
Afgan, Imran
Falotico, Egidio
Della Santina, Cosimo
Renda, Federico
contents Continuum soft robots are inherently underactuated and subject to intrinsic input constraints, making dynamic control particularly challenging, especially in hybrid rigid-soft robots. While most existing methods focus on quasi-static behaviors, dynamic tasks such as swing-up require accurate exploitation of continuum dynamics. This has led to studies on simple low-order template systems that often fail to capture the complexity of real continuum deformations. Model-based optimal control offers a systematic solution; however, its application to rigid-soft robots is often limited by the computational cost and inaccuracy of numerical differentiation for high-dimensional models. Building on recent advances in the Geometric Variable Strain model that enable analytical derivatives, this work investigates three optimal control strategies for underactuated soft systems-Direct Collocation, Differential Dynamic Programming, and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control-to perform dynamic swing-up tasks. To address stiff continuum dynamics and constrained actuation, implicit integration schemes and warm-start strategies are employed to improve numerical robustness and computational efficiency. The methods are evaluated in simulation on three Rigid-Soft and high-order soft benchmark systems-the Soft Cart-Pole, the Soft Pendubot, and the Soft Furuta Pendulum- highlighting their performance and computational trade-offs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_03435
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Model-based Optimal Control for Rigid-Soft Underactuated Systems
Caradonna, Daniele
Nair, Nikhil
Mathew, Anup Teejo
Talegón, Daniel Feliu
Afgan, Imran
Falotico, Egidio
Della Santina, Cosimo
Renda, Federico
Robotics
Continuum soft robots are inherently underactuated and subject to intrinsic input constraints, making dynamic control particularly challenging, especially in hybrid rigid-soft robots. While most existing methods focus on quasi-static behaviors, dynamic tasks such as swing-up require accurate exploitation of continuum dynamics. This has led to studies on simple low-order template systems that often fail to capture the complexity of real continuum deformations. Model-based optimal control offers a systematic solution; however, its application to rigid-soft robots is often limited by the computational cost and inaccuracy of numerical differentiation for high-dimensional models. Building on recent advances in the Geometric Variable Strain model that enable analytical derivatives, this work investigates three optimal control strategies for underactuated soft systems-Direct Collocation, Differential Dynamic Programming, and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control-to perform dynamic swing-up tasks. To address stiff continuum dynamics and constrained actuation, implicit integration schemes and warm-start strategies are employed to improve numerical robustness and computational efficiency. The methods are evaluated in simulation on three Rigid-Soft and high-order soft benchmark systems-the Soft Cart-Pole, the Soft Pendubot, and the Soft Furuta Pendulum- highlighting their performance and computational trade-offs.
title Model-based Optimal Control for Rigid-Soft Underactuated Systems
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03435