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Main Authors: Holzinger, Nico, Althoff, Matthias
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03646
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author Holzinger, Nico
Althoff, Matthias
author_facet Holzinger, Nico
Althoff, Matthias
contents Set-based state estimation computes sets of states consistent with a system model given bounded sets of disturbances and noise. Bounding the set of states is crucial for safety-critical applications so that one can ensure that all specifications are met. While numerous approaches have been proposed for nonlinear discrete-time systems, a unified evaluation under comparable conditions is lacking. This paper reviews and implements a representative selection of set-based observers within the CORA framework. To provide an objective comparison, the methods are evaluated on common benchmarks, and we examine computational effort, scalability, and the conservatism of the resulting state bounds. This study highlights characteristic trade-offs between observer categories and set representations, as well as practical considerations arising in their implementation. All implementations are made publicly available to support reproducibility and future development. This paper thereby offers the first broad, tool-supported comparison of guaranteed state estimators for nonlinear discrete-time systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_03646
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Comparison of Set-Based Observers for Nonlinear Systems
Holzinger, Nico
Althoff, Matthias
Systems and Control
Set-based state estimation computes sets of states consistent with a system model given bounded sets of disturbances and noise. Bounding the set of states is crucial for safety-critical applications so that one can ensure that all specifications are met. While numerous approaches have been proposed for nonlinear discrete-time systems, a unified evaluation under comparable conditions is lacking. This paper reviews and implements a representative selection of set-based observers within the CORA framework. To provide an objective comparison, the methods are evaluated on common benchmarks, and we examine computational effort, scalability, and the conservatism of the resulting state bounds. This study highlights characteristic trade-offs between observer categories and set representations, as well as practical considerations arising in their implementation. All implementations are made publicly available to support reproducibility and future development. This paper thereby offers the first broad, tool-supported comparison of guaranteed state estimators for nonlinear discrete-time systems.
title A Comparison of Set-Based Observers for Nonlinear Systems
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03646