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Main Authors: Tran, Le Minh Triet, Reynaud, Sarah, Fablet, Ronan, Merlini, Adrien, Rousseau, François, Pham, Mai Quyen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03855
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author Tran, Le Minh Triet
Reynaud, Sarah
Fablet, Ronan
Merlini, Adrien
Rousseau, François
Pham, Mai Quyen
author_facet Tran, Le Minh Triet
Reynaud, Sarah
Fablet, Ronan
Merlini, Adrien
Rousseau, François
Pham, Mai Quyen
contents Inverse problems are often ill-posed and require optimization schemes with strong stability and convergence guarantees. While learning-based approaches such as deep unrolling and meta-learning achieve strong empirical performance, they typically lack explicit control over descent and curvature, limiting robustness. We propose a learned Majorization-Minimization (MM) framework for inverse problems within a bilevel optimization setting. Instead of learning a full optimizer, we learn a structured curvature majorant that governs each MM step while preserving classical MM descent guarantees. The majorant is parameterized by a lightweight recurrent neural network and explicitly constrained to satisfy valid MM conditions. For cosine-similarity losses, we derive explicit curvature bounds yielding diagonal majorants. When analytic bounds are unavailable, we rely on efficient Hessian-vector product-based spectral estimation to automatically upper-bound local curvature without forming the Hessian explicitly. Experiments on EEG source imaging demonstrate improved accuracy, stability, and cross-dataset generalization over deep-unrolled and meta-learning baselines.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_03855
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Majorization-Minimization Networks for Inverse Problems: An Application to EEG Imaging
Tran, Le Minh Triet
Reynaud, Sarah
Fablet, Ronan
Merlini, Adrien
Rousseau, François
Pham, Mai Quyen
Signal Processing
Machine Learning
Inverse problems are often ill-posed and require optimization schemes with strong stability and convergence guarantees. While learning-based approaches such as deep unrolling and meta-learning achieve strong empirical performance, they typically lack explicit control over descent and curvature, limiting robustness. We propose a learned Majorization-Minimization (MM) framework for inverse problems within a bilevel optimization setting. Instead of learning a full optimizer, we learn a structured curvature majorant that governs each MM step while preserving classical MM descent guarantees. The majorant is parameterized by a lightweight recurrent neural network and explicitly constrained to satisfy valid MM conditions. For cosine-similarity losses, we derive explicit curvature bounds yielding diagonal majorants. When analytic bounds are unavailable, we rely on efficient Hessian-vector product-based spectral estimation to automatically upper-bound local curvature without forming the Hessian explicitly. Experiments on EEG source imaging demonstrate improved accuracy, stability, and cross-dataset generalization over deep-unrolled and meta-learning baselines.
title Majorization-Minimization Networks for Inverse Problems: An Application to EEG Imaging
topic Signal Processing
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03855