The spectral extrema of graphs of odd size forbidding $H(4,3)$ beyond the book graph

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wani, Abdul Basit, Pirzada, S., Rehman, Amir
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866915772530425856
author Wani, Abdul Basit
Pirzada, S.
Rehman, Amir
author_facet Wani, Abdul Basit
Pirzada, S.
Rehman, Amir
contents A graph is said to be $H$-free if it does not contain a subgraph isomorphic to $H$. The fish graph, denoted by $H(4, 3)$, is a $6-$vertex graph obtained from a cycle of length $4$ and a triangle by sharing a common vertex. Earlier it is shown that $λ(G)\leq \frac{1+\sqrt{4m-3}}{2}$ holds for all $H(4,3)-$free graphs of odd size $m\geq 44,$ and the equality holds if and only if $G\cong S_{\frac{m+3}{2},2},$ where $S_{\frac{m+3}{2},2}$ is the $m-$edge book graph $K_2 \vee \frac{m-1}{2}K_1,$ where $K_2 \vee \frac{m-1}{2}K_1,$ denotes the join of $K_2$ and $\frac{m-1}{2}K_1.$ Let $\mathcal{G}(m,H(4,3))$ denote the family of $H(4,3)$-free graphs with $m$ edges and no isolated vertices. We write $ \mathcal{G}(m,H(4,3)) \setminus \left\{ K_2 \vee \tfrac{m-1}{2}K_1 \right\} $ for the corresponding subfamily obtained by excluding the book graph. In this paper, we establish a sharp upper bound on the spectral radius of graphs over $\mathcal{G}(m,H(4,3))\setminus \{K_2 \vee \frac{m-1}{2}K_1\}$ for odd $m\geq 58$ and characterize the unique extremal graph attaining this bound.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_03861
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The spectral extrema of graphs of odd size forbidding $H(4,3)$ beyond the book graph
Wani, Abdul Basit
Pirzada, S.
Rehman, Amir
Combinatorics
05C50, 05C12, 15A18
A graph is said to be $H$-free if it does not contain a subgraph isomorphic to $H$. The fish graph, denoted by $H(4, 3)$, is a $6-$vertex graph obtained from a cycle of length $4$ and a triangle by sharing a common vertex. Earlier it is shown that $λ(G)\leq \frac{1+\sqrt{4m-3}}{2}$ holds for all $H(4,3)-$free graphs of odd size $m\geq 44,$ and the equality holds if and only if $G\cong S_{\frac{m+3}{2},2},$ where $S_{\frac{m+3}{2},2}$ is the $m-$edge book graph $K_2 \vee \frac{m-1}{2}K_1,$ where $K_2 \vee \frac{m-1}{2}K_1,$ denotes the join of $K_2$ and $\frac{m-1}{2}K_1.$ Let $\mathcal{G}(m,H(4,3))$ denote the family of $H(4,3)$-free graphs with $m$ edges and no isolated vertices. We write $ \mathcal{G}(m,H(4,3)) \setminus \left\{ K_2 \vee \tfrac{m-1}{2}K_1 \right\} $ for the corresponding subfamily obtained by excluding the book graph. In this paper, we establish a sharp upper bound on the spectral radius of graphs over $\mathcal{G}(m,H(4,3))\setminus \{K_2 \vee \frac{m-1}{2}K_1\}$ for odd $m\geq 58$ and characterize the unique extremal graph attaining this bound.
title The spectral extrema of graphs of odd size forbidding $H(4,3)$ beyond the book graph
topic Combinatorics
05C50, 05C12, 15A18
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03861