Intellectual Property Protection for 3D Gaussian Splatting Assets: A Survey

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Zhao, Longjie, Hong, Ziming, Huang, Jiaxin, Chen, Runnan, Gong, Mingming, Liu, Tongliang
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Zhao, Longjie
Hong, Ziming
Huang, Jiaxin
Chen, Runnan
Gong, Mingming
Liu, Tongliang
author_facet Zhao, Longjie
Hong, Ziming
Huang, Jiaxin
Chen, Runnan
Gong, Mingming
Liu, Tongliang
contents 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has become a mainstream representation for real-time 3D scene synthesis, enabling applications in virtual and augmented reality, robotics, and 3D content creation. Its rising commercial value and explicit parametric structure raise emerging intellectual property (IP) protection concerns, prompting a surge of research on 3DGS IP protection. However, current progress remains fragmented, lacking a unified view of the underlying mechanisms, protection paradigms, and robustness challenges. To address this gap, we present the first systematic survey on 3DGS IP protection and introduce a bottom-up framework that examines (i) underlying Gaussian-based perturbation mechanisms, (ii) passive and active protection paradigms, and (iii) robustness threats under emerging generative AI era, revealing gaps in technical foundations and robustness characterization and indicating opportunities for deeper investigation. Finally, we outline six research directions across robustness, efficiency, and protection paradigms, offering a roadmap toward reliable and trustworthy IP protection for 3DGS assets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_03878
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intellectual Property Protection for 3D Gaussian Splatting Assets: A Survey
Zhao, Longjie
Hong, Ziming
Huang, Jiaxin
Chen, Runnan
Gong, Mingming
Liu, Tongliang
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Cryptography and Security
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has become a mainstream representation for real-time 3D scene synthesis, enabling applications in virtual and augmented reality, robotics, and 3D content creation. Its rising commercial value and explicit parametric structure raise emerging intellectual property (IP) protection concerns, prompting a surge of research on 3DGS IP protection. However, current progress remains fragmented, lacking a unified view of the underlying mechanisms, protection paradigms, and robustness challenges. To address this gap, we present the first systematic survey on 3DGS IP protection and introduce a bottom-up framework that examines (i) underlying Gaussian-based perturbation mechanisms, (ii) passive and active protection paradigms, and (iii) robustness threats under emerging generative AI era, revealing gaps in technical foundations and robustness characterization and indicating opportunities for deeper investigation. Finally, we outline six research directions across robustness, efficiency, and protection paradigms, offering a roadmap toward reliable and trustworthy IP protection for 3DGS assets.
title Intellectual Property Protection for 3D Gaussian Splatting Assets: A Survey
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03878