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Main Author: Fukuyama, Takeshi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04040
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author Fukuyama, Takeshi
author_facet Fukuyama, Takeshi
contents We study nonequilibrium cascades in which fragile bound or coherent structures are formed through intermediate states rather than by direct equilibration. Motivated by light-nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and by Bose--Einstein condensation in cosmological settings, we analyze such processes within the Schwinger--Keldysh real-time formalism. We show that commonly used rate equations can be understood as a controlled Markovian approximation obtained by integrating out intermediate reservoirs in an underlying multi-component nonequilibrium dynamics. When the finite lifetime of these reservoirs is retained, non-Markovian memory effects naturally appear, leading to delayed and history-dependent formation dynamics. The associated memory time provides a quantitative criterion for the validity of reduced, rate-based descriptions far from equilibrium.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_04040
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Emergent equilibrium-like yields from nonequilibrium cascade dynamics
Fukuyama, Takeshi
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
We study nonequilibrium cascades in which fragile bound or coherent structures are formed through intermediate states rather than by direct equilibration. Motivated by light-nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and by Bose--Einstein condensation in cosmological settings, we analyze such processes within the Schwinger--Keldysh real-time formalism. We show that commonly used rate equations can be understood as a controlled Markovian approximation obtained by integrating out intermediate reservoirs in an underlying multi-component nonequilibrium dynamics. When the finite lifetime of these reservoirs is retained, non-Markovian memory effects naturally appear, leading to delayed and history-dependent formation dynamics. The associated memory time provides a quantitative criterion for the validity of reduced, rate-based descriptions far from equilibrium.
title Emergent equilibrium-like yields from nonequilibrium cascade dynamics
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04040