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Main Authors: Chen, Xiaohan, Sun, Ning-Chen, Xi, Qiang, Chen, Chun, Zhang, Yu, Niu, Zexi, Jin, Junjie, Mao, Yiming, Wang, Beichuan, Tinyanont, Samaporn, Chanchaiworawit, Krittapas, Noysena, Kanthanakorn, Aguado, David, Perez-Fournon, Ismael, Poidevin, Frédéric, Maund, Justyn R., Chen, Xunhao, Du, Pengliang, Fernández-Nespral, David López, Fang, Liguo, Gao, Guolin, Guo, Jiupeng, He, Min, Hong, Xinyi, Hou, Zhigang, Li, Qingzheng, Li, Wenxiong, Liu, Tongyu, López-Oramas, Alicia, Mu, Haiyang, Rojas-Bravo, César, Tian, Jianfeng, Wang, Jinhui, Wang, Lingzhi, Wang, Rui, Wang, Yanan, Wang, Ziyang, Wiersema, Klaas, Wu, Ying, Zhen, Guo, Zheng, Jie, Zhu, Guoyin, Zhu, Yinan, Fan, Zhou, Li, Jing, Wu, Hong, Liu, Jifeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04309
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Table of Contents:
  • Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP) exhibit a significant diversity in their explosion properties, yet the physical mechanisms driving this diversity remain unknown. In this work, we present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2024abfl, a SN IIP in NGC 2146 with a directly detected red supergiant (RSG) progenitor. We find it has a low plateau luminosity ($M_V \sim -15$ mag) and a relatively long plateau length ($\sim 126.5$ days). By fitting a semi-analytical model, we estimated a $^{56}$Ni mass of $\sim 0.009 M_\odot$, an initial kinetic energy of $\sim 0.42$ foe, an initial thermal energy of $\sim 0.03$ foe and an ejecta mass of $\sim 8.3 M_\odot$. The spectral evolution of SN 2024abfl is similar to those of other SNe IIP, except for much lower ejecta velocities at similar epochs. At later epochs, we find a relatively high-velocity H$α$ absorption feature at $\sim -4000$ km s$^{-1}$, possibly due to a fast-moving plume of matter in the inner ejecta, and two emission features at $\pm 2000$ km s$^{-1}$, possibly caused by CSM interaction. We estimate the progenitor mass to be $\le 15 M_\odot$ based on nebular spectra. We conclude that SN 2024abfl is a low-luminosity SN IIP originating from a low-mass RSG progenitor.

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