Toward Reliable and Explainable Nail Disease Classification: Leveraging Adversarial Training and Grad-CAM Visualization

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hossain, Farzia, Ghosh, Samanta, Begum, Shahida, Alam, B. M. Shahria, Noor, Mohammad Tahmid, Mia, Md Parvez, Niloy, Nishat Tasnim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Hossain, Farzia
Ghosh, Samanta
Begum, Shahida
Alam, B. M. Shahria
Noor, Mohammad Tahmid
Mia, Md Parvez
Niloy, Nishat Tasnim
author_facet Hossain, Farzia
Ghosh, Samanta
Begum, Shahida
Alam, B. M. Shahria
Noor, Mohammad Tahmid
Mia, Md Parvez
Niloy, Nishat Tasnim
contents Human nail diseases are gradually observed over all age groups, especially among older individuals, often going ignored until they become severe. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of such conditions are important because they sometimes reveal our body's health problems. But it is challenging due to the inferred visual differences between disease types. This paper presents a machine learning-based model for automated classification of nail diseases based on a publicly available dataset, which contains 3,835 images scaling six categories. In 224x224 pixels, all images were resized to ensure consistency. To evaluate performance, four well-known CNN models-InceptionV3, DenseNet201, EfficientNetV2, and ResNet50 were trained and analyzed. Among these, InceptionV3 outperformed the others with an accuracy of 95.57%, while DenseNet201 came next with 94.79%. To make the model stronger and less likely to make mistakes on tricky or noisy images, we used adversarial training. To help understand how the model makes decisions, we used SHAP to highlight important features in the predictions. This system could be a helpful support for doctors, making nail disease diagnosis more accurate and faster.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_04820
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Toward Reliable and Explainable Nail Disease Classification: Leveraging Adversarial Training and Grad-CAM Visualization
Hossain, Farzia
Ghosh, Samanta
Begum, Shahida
Alam, B. M. Shahria
Noor, Mohammad Tahmid
Mia, Md Parvez
Niloy, Nishat Tasnim
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Human nail diseases are gradually observed over all age groups, especially among older individuals, often going ignored until they become severe. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of such conditions are important because they sometimes reveal our body's health problems. But it is challenging due to the inferred visual differences between disease types. This paper presents a machine learning-based model for automated classification of nail diseases based on a publicly available dataset, which contains 3,835 images scaling six categories. In 224x224 pixels, all images were resized to ensure consistency. To evaluate performance, four well-known CNN models-InceptionV3, DenseNet201, EfficientNetV2, and ResNet50 were trained and analyzed. Among these, InceptionV3 outperformed the others with an accuracy of 95.57%, while DenseNet201 came next with 94.79%. To make the model stronger and less likely to make mistakes on tricky or noisy images, we used adversarial training. To help understand how the model makes decisions, we used SHAP to highlight important features in the predictions. This system could be a helpful support for doctors, making nail disease diagnosis more accurate and faster.
title Toward Reliable and Explainable Nail Disease Classification: Leveraging Adversarial Training and Grad-CAM Visualization
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04820