ASPIRE: The Environments and Dark Matter Halos of Luminous Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization
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2026
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| author | Wang, Feige Champagne, Jaclyn B. Huang, Jiamu Yang, Jinyi Hennawi, Joseph F. Fan, Xiaohui Zhang, Haowen Costa, Tiago Decarli, Roberto Habouzit, Melanie Sun, Fengwu Banados, Eduardo Jin, Xiangyu Kakiichi, Koki Meyer, Romain A. Wu, Yunjing Belladitta, Silvia Blecha, Laura Bosman, Sarah E. I. Cai, Zheng Connor, Thomas Davies, Frederick B. Eilers, Anna-Christina Haiman, Zoltan Jun, Hyunsung D. Li, Mingyu Li, Zihao Liu, Weizhe Lupi, Alessandro Lyu, Jianwei Mazzucchelli, Chiara Onoue, Masafusa Pudoka, Maria Rojas-Ruiz, Sofia Schindler, Jan-Torge Shen, Yue Tee, Wei Leong Trakhtenbrot, Benny Trebitsch, Maxime Vestergaard, Marianne Volonteri, Marta Walter, Fabian Zhang, Huanian Zou, Siwei |
| author_facet | Wang, Feige Champagne, Jaclyn B. Huang, Jiamu Yang, Jinyi Hennawi, Joseph F. Fan, Xiaohui Zhang, Haowen Costa, Tiago Decarli, Roberto Habouzit, Melanie Sun, Fengwu Banados, Eduardo Jin, Xiangyu Kakiichi, Koki Meyer, Romain A. Wu, Yunjing Belladitta, Silvia Blecha, Laura Bosman, Sarah E. I. Cai, Zheng Connor, Thomas Davies, Frederick B. Eilers, Anna-Christina Haiman, Zoltan Jun, Hyunsung D. Li, Mingyu Li, Zihao Liu, Weizhe Lupi, Alessandro Lyu, Jianwei Mazzucchelli, Chiara Onoue, Masafusa Pudoka, Maria Rojas-Ruiz, Sofia Schindler, Jan-Torge Shen, Yue Tee, Wei Leong Trakhtenbrot, Benny Trebitsch, Maxime Vestergaard, Marianne Volonteri, Marta Walter, Fabian Zhang, Huanian Zou, Siwei |
| contents | We present a systematic study of the environments of 25 luminous quasars at $z > 6.5$ from the ASPIRE program. Using JWST/NIRCam WFSS data, we identified 487 galaxies at $5.3 \lesssim z \lesssim 7.0$ exhibiting [OIII] emission. Among these, 122 [OIII] emitters lie within $|Δv_{\rm los}| < 1000~{\rm km~s^{-1}}$ of the quasars, corresponding to a $\sim9.4$-fold enhancement relative to the average galaxy density at other redshifts. Furthermore, we identified 16 [CII]-emitting galaxies at the quasar redshifts from ALMA mosaic observations. A cross-correlation function (CCF) analysis between quasars and [OIII]+[CII] emitters yields a cross-correlation length of $r_0^{\rm QG} = 8.68^{+0.51}_{-0.55}~h^{-1}~\mathrm{cMpc}$ and a auto-correlation of $r_0^{\rm{QQ}}=15.76^{+2.48}_{-2.70}~h^{-1}~{\rm cMpc}$, indicating that $z \sim 7$ quasars reside in dark matter halos with $M_{\rm halo} = 10^{12.27^{+0.21}_{-0.26}}~M_\odot$. Notably, the number of [OIII]-emitting galaxies at quasar redshifts varies significantly from field to field, ranging from zero to twenty, highlighting a diverse quasar environment. Remarkably, seven quasars trace significant galaxy overdensities (i.e., protoclusters), with $δ_{\rm gal} > 5$ within a volume of $V \sim 500~{\rm cMpc^3}$. We also find that $|Δv_{\rm los}|$ increases rapidly toward smaller galaxy-quasar separations in protocluster fields, consistent with galaxy kinematics around extremely massive halos in cosmological simulations. By combining JWST and ALMA data, we reveal the complex and diverse environments of these early quasars, providing robust evidence that the earliest luminous quasars are effective tracers of galaxy overdensities, albeit with substantial field-to-field variation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_04979 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | ASPIRE: The Environments and Dark Matter Halos of Luminous Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization Wang, Feige Champagne, Jaclyn B. Huang, Jiamu Yang, Jinyi Hennawi, Joseph F. Fan, Xiaohui Zhang, Haowen Costa, Tiago Decarli, Roberto Habouzit, Melanie Sun, Fengwu Banados, Eduardo Jin, Xiangyu Kakiichi, Koki Meyer, Romain A. Wu, Yunjing Belladitta, Silvia Blecha, Laura Bosman, Sarah E. I. Cai, Zheng Connor, Thomas Davies, Frederick B. Eilers, Anna-Christina Haiman, Zoltan Jun, Hyunsung D. Li, Mingyu Li, Zihao Liu, Weizhe Lupi, Alessandro Lyu, Jianwei Mazzucchelli, Chiara Onoue, Masafusa Pudoka, Maria Rojas-Ruiz, Sofia Schindler, Jan-Torge Shen, Yue Tee, Wei Leong Trakhtenbrot, Benny Trebitsch, Maxime Vestergaard, Marianne Volonteri, Marta Walter, Fabian Zhang, Huanian Zou, Siwei Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present a systematic study of the environments of 25 luminous quasars at $z > 6.5$ from the ASPIRE program. Using JWST/NIRCam WFSS data, we identified 487 galaxies at $5.3 \lesssim z \lesssim 7.0$ exhibiting [OIII] emission. Among these, 122 [OIII] emitters lie within $|Δv_{\rm los}| < 1000~{\rm km~s^{-1}}$ of the quasars, corresponding to a $\sim9.4$-fold enhancement relative to the average galaxy density at other redshifts. Furthermore, we identified 16 [CII]-emitting galaxies at the quasar redshifts from ALMA mosaic observations. A cross-correlation function (CCF) analysis between quasars and [OIII]+[CII] emitters yields a cross-correlation length of $r_0^{\rm QG} = 8.68^{+0.51}_{-0.55}~h^{-1}~\mathrm{cMpc}$ and a auto-correlation of $r_0^{\rm{QQ}}=15.76^{+2.48}_{-2.70}~h^{-1}~{\rm cMpc}$, indicating that $z \sim 7$ quasars reside in dark matter halos with $M_{\rm halo} = 10^{12.27^{+0.21}_{-0.26}}~M_\odot$. Notably, the number of [OIII]-emitting galaxies at quasar redshifts varies significantly from field to field, ranging from zero to twenty, highlighting a diverse quasar environment. Remarkably, seven quasars trace significant galaxy overdensities (i.e., protoclusters), with $δ_{\rm gal} > 5$ within a volume of $V \sim 500~{\rm cMpc^3}$. We also find that $|Δv_{\rm los}|$ increases rapidly toward smaller galaxy-quasar separations in protocluster fields, consistent with galaxy kinematics around extremely massive halos in cosmological simulations. By combining JWST and ALMA data, we reveal the complex and diverse environments of these early quasars, providing robust evidence that the earliest luminous quasars are effective tracers of galaxy overdensities, albeit with substantial field-to-field variation. |
| title | ASPIRE: The Environments and Dark Matter Halos of Luminous Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04979 |