Wi-Fi Radar via Over-the-Air Referencing: Bridging Wi-Fi Sensing and Bistatic Radar
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911527602225152 |
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| author | Yamamoto, Koji |
| author_facet | Yamamoto, Koji |
| contents | Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI), which is originally acquired for communication purposes, has recently been reused for sensing and radar-like functionalities. However, in practical Wi-Fi systems with independent clocks at the transmitter and receiver, the lack of a common delay and phase reference fundamentally precludes phase-coherent radar-like delay--Doppler analysis. By exploiting the line-of-sight (LoS) path component, i.e., the earliest-arriving direct path, as an over-the-air (OTA) reference for delay and phase, we propose an OTA LoS-path referencing scheme, termed LoSRef, that enables delay calibration and phase alignment under this practical constraint. Unlike conventional Wi-Fi bistatic radar systems that rely on wired reference signals or dedicated reference antennas, the proposed LoSRef-based framework enables phase-coherent bistatic radar-like operation that can be integrated into typically deployed Wi-Fi systems. Through human gait and respiration experiments in indoor environments, we demonstrate that phase-coherent channel impulse responses and corresponding delay--Doppler responses can be obtained using only commodity Wi-Fi devices. This enables physically interpretable human motion sensing, including gait-induced range variation and respiration-induced sub-wavelength displacement, as well as the extraction of target-induced dynamics up to 20 dB weaker than dominant static multipath components. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_05344 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Wi-Fi Radar via Over-the-Air Referencing: Bridging Wi-Fi Sensing and Bistatic Radar Yamamoto, Koji Networking and Internet Architecture Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI), which is originally acquired for communication purposes, has recently been reused for sensing and radar-like functionalities. However, in practical Wi-Fi systems with independent clocks at the transmitter and receiver, the lack of a common delay and phase reference fundamentally precludes phase-coherent radar-like delay--Doppler analysis. By exploiting the line-of-sight (LoS) path component, i.e., the earliest-arriving direct path, as an over-the-air (OTA) reference for delay and phase, we propose an OTA LoS-path referencing scheme, termed LoSRef, that enables delay calibration and phase alignment under this practical constraint. Unlike conventional Wi-Fi bistatic radar systems that rely on wired reference signals or dedicated reference antennas, the proposed LoSRef-based framework enables phase-coherent bistatic radar-like operation that can be integrated into typically deployed Wi-Fi systems. Through human gait and respiration experiments in indoor environments, we demonstrate that phase-coherent channel impulse responses and corresponding delay--Doppler responses can be obtained using only commodity Wi-Fi devices. This enables physically interpretable human motion sensing, including gait-induced range variation and respiration-induced sub-wavelength displacement, as well as the extraction of target-induced dynamics up to 20 dB weaker than dominant static multipath components. |
| title | Wi-Fi Radar via Over-the-Air Referencing: Bridging Wi-Fi Sensing and Bistatic Radar |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05344 |