DiLLS: Interactive Diagnosis of LLM-based Multi-agent Systems via Layered Summary of Agent Behaviors

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Sheng, Rui, Yang, Yukun, Shi, Chuhan, Lin, Yanna, Chen, Zixin, Qu, Huamin, Cheng, Furui
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Sheng, Rui
Yang, Yukun
Shi, Chuhan
Lin, Yanna
Chen, Zixin
Qu, Huamin
Cheng, Furui
author_facet Sheng, Rui
Yang, Yukun
Shi, Chuhan
Lin, Yanna
Chen, Zixin
Qu, Huamin
Cheng, Furui
contents Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks. However, the complexity of agentic behaviors makes these systems difficult to understand. When failures occur, developers often struggle to identify root causes and to determine actionable paths for improvement. Traditional methods that rely on inspecting raw log records are inefficient, given both the large volume and complexity of data. To address this challenge, we propose a framework and an interactive system, DiLLS, designed to reveal and structure the behaviors of multi-agent systems. The key idea is to organize information across three levels of query completion: activities, actions, and operations. By probing the multi-agent system through natural language, DiLLS derives and organizes information about planning and execution into a structured, multi-layered summary. Through a user study, we show that DiLLS significantly improves developers' effectiveness and efficiency in identifying, diagnosing, and understanding failures in LLM-based multi-agent systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_05446
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle DiLLS: Interactive Diagnosis of LLM-based Multi-agent Systems via Layered Summary of Agent Behaviors
Sheng, Rui
Yang, Yukun
Shi, Chuhan
Lin, Yanna
Chen, Zixin
Qu, Huamin
Cheng, Furui
Human-Computer Interaction
Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks. However, the complexity of agentic behaviors makes these systems difficult to understand. When failures occur, developers often struggle to identify root causes and to determine actionable paths for improvement. Traditional methods that rely on inspecting raw log records are inefficient, given both the large volume and complexity of data. To address this challenge, we propose a framework and an interactive system, DiLLS, designed to reveal and structure the behaviors of multi-agent systems. The key idea is to organize information across three levels of query completion: activities, actions, and operations. By probing the multi-agent system through natural language, DiLLS derives and organizes information about planning and execution into a structured, multi-layered summary. Through a user study, we show that DiLLS significantly improves developers' effectiveness and efficiency in identifying, diagnosing, and understanding failures in LLM-based multi-agent systems.
title DiLLS: Interactive Diagnosis of LLM-based Multi-agent Systems via Layered Summary of Agent Behaviors
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05446