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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05991 |
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| _version_ | 1866912881970249728 |
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| author | Sierant, Aleksandra Méndez-Avalos, Diana Giraldo, Santiago Tabares Mitchell, Morgan W. |
| author_facet | Sierant, Aleksandra Méndez-Avalos, Diana Giraldo, Santiago Tabares Mitchell, Morgan W. |
| contents | We experimentally investigate the quantum noise mechanisms that limit continuously operating multiparameter quantum sensors. Using a hybrid rf-dc optically pumped magnetometer, we map the photon shot noise, spin projection noise, and measurement back-action noise over an order of magnitude in probe power and a factor of three in pump power while remaining quantum-noise-limited. We observe linear, quadratic, and cubic scaling of the respective total noise powers with probe photon flux, together with a quadratic dependence of back-action on pump photon flux, in quantitative agreement with a stochastic Bloch-equation model. At higher probe powers, additional probe-induced relaxation modifies the spin-noise spectrum while preserving the integrated noise scaling. Our results reveal fundamental, resource-dependent trade-offs unique to continuously monitored multiparameter sensors and establish experimentally the quantum limits governing their optimal operation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_05991 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum noise scaling in continuously operating multiparameter sensors Sierant, Aleksandra Méndez-Avalos, Diana Giraldo, Santiago Tabares Mitchell, Morgan W. Quantum Physics Applied Physics Atomic Physics We experimentally investigate the quantum noise mechanisms that limit continuously operating multiparameter quantum sensors. Using a hybrid rf-dc optically pumped magnetometer, we map the photon shot noise, spin projection noise, and measurement back-action noise over an order of magnitude in probe power and a factor of three in pump power while remaining quantum-noise-limited. We observe linear, quadratic, and cubic scaling of the respective total noise powers with probe photon flux, together with a quadratic dependence of back-action on pump photon flux, in quantitative agreement with a stochastic Bloch-equation model. At higher probe powers, additional probe-induced relaxation modifies the spin-noise spectrum while preserving the integrated noise scaling. Our results reveal fundamental, resource-dependent trade-offs unique to continuously monitored multiparameter sensors and establish experimentally the quantum limits governing their optimal operation. |
| title | Quantum noise scaling in continuously operating multiparameter sensors |
| topic | Quantum Physics Applied Physics Atomic Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05991 |