_version_ 1866917262476181504
author Huang, Wei-Chieh
Zhang, Weizhi
Liang, Yueqing
Bei, Yuanchen
Chen, Yankai
Feng, Tao
Pan, Xinyu
Tan, Zhen
Wang, Yu
Wei, Tianxin
Wu, Shanglin
Xu, Ruiyao
Yang, Liangwei
Yang, Rui
Yang, Wooseong
Yeh, Chin-Yuan
Zhang, Hanrong
Zhang, Haozhen
Zhu, Siqi
Zou, Henry Peng
Zhao, Wanjia
Wang, Song
Xu, Wujiang
Ke, Zixuan
Hui, Zheng
Li, Dawei
Wu, Yaozu
He, Langzhou
Wang, Chen
Xu, Xiongxiao
Huang, Baixiang
Tan, Juntao
Heinecke, Shelby
Wang, Huan
Xiong, Caiming
Metwally, Ahmed A.
Yan, Jun
Lee, Chen-Yu
Zeng, Hanqing
Xia, Yinglong
Wei, Xiaokai
Payani, Ali
Wang, Yu
Ma, Haitong
Wang, Wenya
Wang, Chenguang
Zhang, Yu
Wang, Xin
Zhang, Yongfeng
You, Jiaxuan
Tong, Hanghang
Luo, Xiao
Liu, Xue
Sun, Yizhou
Wang, Wei
McAuley, Julian
Zou, James
Han, Jiawei
Yu, Philip S.
Shu, Kai
author_facet Huang, Wei-Chieh
Zhang, Weizhi
Liang, Yueqing
Bei, Yuanchen
Chen, Yankai
Feng, Tao
Pan, Xinyu
Tan, Zhen
Wang, Yu
Wei, Tianxin
Wu, Shanglin
Xu, Ruiyao
Yang, Liangwei
Yang, Rui
Yang, Wooseong
Yeh, Chin-Yuan
Zhang, Hanrong
Zhang, Haozhen
Zhu, Siqi
Zou, Henry Peng
Zhao, Wanjia
Wang, Song
Xu, Wujiang
Ke, Zixuan
Hui, Zheng
Li, Dawei
Wu, Yaozu
He, Langzhou
Wang, Chen
Xu, Xiongxiao
Huang, Baixiang
Tan, Juntao
Heinecke, Shelby
Wang, Huan
Xiong, Caiming
Metwally, Ahmed A.
Yan, Jun
Lee, Chen-Yu
Zeng, Hanqing
Xia, Yinglong
Wei, Xiaokai
Payani, Ali
Wang, Yu
Ma, Haitong
Wang, Wenya
Wang, Chenguang
Zhang, Yu
Wang, Xin
Zhang, Yongfeng
You, Jiaxuan
Tong, Hanghang
Luo, Xiao
Liu, Xue
Sun, Yizhou
Wang, Wei
McAuley, Julian
Zou, James
Han, Jiawei
Yu, Philip S.
Shu, Kai
contents The research of artificial intelligence is undergoing a paradigm shift from prioritizing model innovations over benchmark scores towards emphasizing problem definition and rigorous real-world evaluation. As the field enters the "second half," the central challenge becomes real utility in long-horizon, dynamic, and user-dependent environments, where agents face context explosion and must continuously accumulate, manage, and selectively reuse large volumes of information across extended interactions. Memory, with hundreds of papers released this year, therefore emerges as the critical solution to fill the utility gap. In this survey, we provide a unified view of foundation agent memory along three dimensions: memory substrate (internal and external), cognitive mechanism (episodic, semantic, sensory, working, and procedural), and memory subject (agent- and user-centric). We then analyze how memory is instantiated and operated under different agent topologies and highlight learning policies over memory operations. Finally, we review evaluation benchmarks and metrics for assessing memory utility, and outline various open challenges and future directions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_06052
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Rethinking Memory Mechanisms of Foundation Agents in the Second Half: A Survey
Huang, Wei-Chieh
Zhang, Weizhi
Liang, Yueqing
Bei, Yuanchen
Chen, Yankai
Feng, Tao
Pan, Xinyu
Tan, Zhen
Wang, Yu
Wei, Tianxin
Wu, Shanglin
Xu, Ruiyao
Yang, Liangwei
Yang, Rui
Yang, Wooseong
Yeh, Chin-Yuan
Zhang, Hanrong
Zhang, Haozhen
Zhu, Siqi
Zou, Henry Peng
Zhao, Wanjia
Wang, Song
Xu, Wujiang
Ke, Zixuan
Hui, Zheng
Li, Dawei
Wu, Yaozu
He, Langzhou
Wang, Chen
Xu, Xiongxiao
Huang, Baixiang
Tan, Juntao
Heinecke, Shelby
Wang, Huan
Xiong, Caiming
Metwally, Ahmed A.
Yan, Jun
Lee, Chen-Yu
Zeng, Hanqing
Xia, Yinglong
Wei, Xiaokai
Payani, Ali
Wang, Yu
Ma, Haitong
Wang, Wenya
Wang, Chenguang
Zhang, Yu
Wang, Xin
Zhang, Yongfeng
You, Jiaxuan
Tong, Hanghang
Luo, Xiao
Liu, Xue
Sun, Yizhou
Wang, Wei
McAuley, Julian
Zou, James
Han, Jiawei
Yu, Philip S.
Shu, Kai
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
The research of artificial intelligence is undergoing a paradigm shift from prioritizing model innovations over benchmark scores towards emphasizing problem definition and rigorous real-world evaluation. As the field enters the "second half," the central challenge becomes real utility in long-horizon, dynamic, and user-dependent environments, where agents face context explosion and must continuously accumulate, manage, and selectively reuse large volumes of information across extended interactions. Memory, with hundreds of papers released this year, therefore emerges as the critical solution to fill the utility gap. In this survey, we provide a unified view of foundation agent memory along three dimensions: memory substrate (internal and external), cognitive mechanism (episodic, semantic, sensory, working, and procedural), and memory subject (agent- and user-centric). We then analyze how memory is instantiated and operated under different agent topologies and highlight learning policies over memory operations. Finally, we review evaluation benchmarks and metrics for assessing memory utility, and outline various open challenges and future directions.
title Rethinking Memory Mechanisms of Foundation Agents in the Second Half: A Survey
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06052