Now You See That: Learning End-to-End Humanoid Locomotion from Raw Pixels

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Sun, Wandong, Su, Yongbo, Huang, Leoric, Zhang, Alex, Wei, Dwyane, San, Mu, Tian, Daniel, Cao, Ellie, Cao, Baoshi, Liu, Yang, Yan, Finn, Xie, Ethan, Xie, Zongwu
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Sun, Wandong
Su, Yongbo
Huang, Leoric
Zhang, Alex
Wei, Dwyane
San, Mu
Tian, Daniel
Cao, Ellie
Cao, Baoshi
Liu, Yang
Yan, Finn
Xie, Ethan
Xie, Zongwu
author_facet Sun, Wandong
Su, Yongbo
Huang, Leoric
Zhang, Alex
Wei, Dwyane
San, Mu
Tian, Daniel
Cao, Ellie
Cao, Baoshi
Liu, Yang
Yan, Finn
Xie, Ethan
Xie, Zongwu
contents Achieving robust vision-based humanoid locomotion remains challenging due to two fundamental issues: the sim-to-real gap introduces significant perception noise that degrades performance on fine-grained tasks, and training a unified policy across diverse terrains is hindered by conflicting learning objectives. To address these challenges, we present an end-to-end framework for vision-driven humanoid locomotion. For robust sim-to-real transfer, we develop a high-fidelity depth sensor simulation that captures stereo matching artifacts and calibration uncertainties inherent in real-world sensing. We further propose a vision-aware behavior distillation approach that combines latent space alignment with noise-invariant auxiliary tasks, enabling effective knowledge transfer from privileged height maps to noisy depth observations. For versatile terrain adaptation, we introduce terrain-specific reward shaping integrated with multi-critic and multi-discriminator learning, where dedicated networks capture the distinct dynamics and motion priors of each terrain type. We validate our approach on two humanoid platforms equipped with different stereo depth cameras. The resulting policy demonstrates robust performance across diverse environments, seamlessly handling extreme challenges such as high platforms and wide gaps, as well as fine-grained tasks including bidirectional long-term staircase traversal.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_06382
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Now You See That: Learning End-to-End Humanoid Locomotion from Raw Pixels
Sun, Wandong
Su, Yongbo
Huang, Leoric
Zhang, Alex
Wei, Dwyane
San, Mu
Tian, Daniel
Cao, Ellie
Cao, Baoshi
Liu, Yang
Yan, Finn
Xie, Ethan
Xie, Zongwu
Robotics
Achieving robust vision-based humanoid locomotion remains challenging due to two fundamental issues: the sim-to-real gap introduces significant perception noise that degrades performance on fine-grained tasks, and training a unified policy across diverse terrains is hindered by conflicting learning objectives. To address these challenges, we present an end-to-end framework for vision-driven humanoid locomotion. For robust sim-to-real transfer, we develop a high-fidelity depth sensor simulation that captures stereo matching artifacts and calibration uncertainties inherent in real-world sensing. We further propose a vision-aware behavior distillation approach that combines latent space alignment with noise-invariant auxiliary tasks, enabling effective knowledge transfer from privileged height maps to noisy depth observations. For versatile terrain adaptation, we introduce terrain-specific reward shaping integrated with multi-critic and multi-discriminator learning, where dedicated networks capture the distinct dynamics and motion priors of each terrain type. We validate our approach on two humanoid platforms equipped with different stereo depth cameras. The resulting policy demonstrates robust performance across diverse environments, seamlessly handling extreme challenges such as high platforms and wide gaps, as well as fine-grained tasks including bidirectional long-term staircase traversal.
title Now You See That: Learning End-to-End Humanoid Locomotion from Raw Pixels
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06382