Universality of Primordial Anisotropies in Gravitational Wave Background
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arXiv
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915779788668928 |
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| author | Jiang, Boyuan Saito, Ryo Zhang, Ying-li |
| author_facet | Jiang, Boyuan Saito, Ryo Zhang, Ying-li |
| contents | We propose a model-independent formalism for describing anisotropies in the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) originating from primordial perturbations. Despite their diverse physical origins -- such as Sachs-Wolfe effects, integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects, or fossil effects from primordial non-Gaussianity -- SGWB anisotropies exhibit a universal angular structure. We show that this universality arises from a single vertex function, the Cosmological Form Factor (CFF), which encodes the information on how long-wavelength modes modulate the SGWB statistics. Two fundamental principles -- statistical isotropy and locality -- uniquely determine the angular dependence of the CFF, resulting in a universal multipole scaling of the SGWB anisotropies. The CFF formalism provides a common language for classifying SGWB anisotropies and offers a powerful framework for interpreting upcoming observations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_06562 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Universality of Primordial Anisotropies in Gravitational Wave Background Jiang, Boyuan Saito, Ryo Zhang, Ying-li Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory We propose a model-independent formalism for describing anisotropies in the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) originating from primordial perturbations. Despite their diverse physical origins -- such as Sachs-Wolfe effects, integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects, or fossil effects from primordial non-Gaussianity -- SGWB anisotropies exhibit a universal angular structure. We show that this universality arises from a single vertex function, the Cosmological Form Factor (CFF), which encodes the information on how long-wavelength modes modulate the SGWB statistics. Two fundamental principles -- statistical isotropy and locality -- uniquely determine the angular dependence of the CFF, resulting in a universal multipole scaling of the SGWB anisotropies. The CFF formalism provides a common language for classifying SGWB anisotropies and offers a powerful framework for interpreting upcoming observations. |
| title | Universality of Primordial Anisotropies in Gravitational Wave Background |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06562 |