ShapBPT: Image Feature Attributions Using Data-Aware Binary Partition Trees

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Rashid, Muhammad, Amparore, Elvio G., Ferrari, Enrico, Verda, Damiano
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Rashid, Muhammad
Amparore, Elvio G.
Ferrari, Enrico
Verda, Damiano
author_facet Rashid, Muhammad
Amparore, Elvio G.
Ferrari, Enrico
Verda, Damiano
contents Pixel-level feature attributions are an important tool in eXplainable AI for Computer Vision (XCV), providing visual insights into how image features influence model predictions. The Owen formula for hierarchical Shapley values has been widely used to interpret machine learning (ML) models and their learned representations. However, existing hierarchical Shapley approaches do not exploit the multiscale structure of image data, leading to slow convergence and weak alignment with the actual morphological features. Moreover, no prior Shapley method has leveraged data-aware hierarchies for Computer Vision tasks, leaving a gap in model interpretability of structured visual data. To address this, this paper introduces ShapBPT, a novel data-aware XCV method based on the hierarchical Shapley formula. ShapBPT assigns Shapley coefficients to a multiscale hierarchical structure tailored for images, the Binary Partition Tree (BPT). By using this data-aware hierarchical partitioning, ShapBPT ensures that feature attributions align with intrinsic image morphology, effectively prioritizing relevant regions while reducing computational overhead. This advancement connects hierarchical Shapley methods with image data, providing a more efficient and semantically meaningful approach to visual interpretability. Experimental results confirm ShapBPT's effectiveness, demonstrating superior alignment with image structures and improved efficiency over existing XCV methods, and a 20-subject user study confirming that ShapBPT explanations are preferred by humans.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07047
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ShapBPT: Image Feature Attributions Using Data-Aware Binary Partition Trees
Rashid, Muhammad
Amparore, Elvio G.
Ferrari, Enrico
Verda, Damiano
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
68T07, 68T45, 68U10
I.4.8; I.2.10
Pixel-level feature attributions are an important tool in eXplainable AI for Computer Vision (XCV), providing visual insights into how image features influence model predictions. The Owen formula for hierarchical Shapley values has been widely used to interpret machine learning (ML) models and their learned representations. However, existing hierarchical Shapley approaches do not exploit the multiscale structure of image data, leading to slow convergence and weak alignment with the actual morphological features. Moreover, no prior Shapley method has leveraged data-aware hierarchies for Computer Vision tasks, leaving a gap in model interpretability of structured visual data. To address this, this paper introduces ShapBPT, a novel data-aware XCV method based on the hierarchical Shapley formula. ShapBPT assigns Shapley coefficients to a multiscale hierarchical structure tailored for images, the Binary Partition Tree (BPT). By using this data-aware hierarchical partitioning, ShapBPT ensures that feature attributions align with intrinsic image morphology, effectively prioritizing relevant regions while reducing computational overhead. This advancement connects hierarchical Shapley methods with image data, providing a more efficient and semantically meaningful approach to visual interpretability. Experimental results confirm ShapBPT's effectiveness, demonstrating superior alignment with image structures and improved efficiency over existing XCV methods, and a 20-subject user study confirming that ShapBPT explanations are preferred by humans.
title ShapBPT: Image Feature Attributions Using Data-Aware Binary Partition Trees
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
68T07, 68T45, 68U10
I.4.8; I.2.10
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07047