SPHEREx as a frontier for infrared transients: Classification of new Galactic FU Ori outbursts and classical novae

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Main Authors: Karambelkar, Viraj, De, Kishalay, Hillenbrand, Lynne A., Sokoloski, J. L., Frostig, Danielle, Dalcanton, Julianne
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Karambelkar, Viraj
De, Kishalay
Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
Sokoloski, J. L.
Frostig, Danielle
Dalcanton, Julianne
author_facet Karambelkar, Viraj
De, Kishalay
Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
Sokoloski, J. L.
Frostig, Danielle
Dalcanton, Julianne
contents We demonstrate proof-of-concept of a new strategy for studying infrared (IR) transients enabled by the newly launched SPHEREx space mission, by leveraging its synergy with the NEOWISE space mission. With its fifteen year baseline and all-sky mid-IR coverage, NEOWISE provides an excellent avenue to discover thousands of slowly evolving infrared outbursts. With its all-sky spectro-photometric coverage and mid-IR sensitivity matching NEOWISE, SPHEREx is uniquely positioned to provide low-resolution IR spectra for the vast majority of these outbursts, several of which are too obscured for ground-based spectroscopic classification. As a demonstration of this approach, we present SPHEREx spectra for eight Galactic transients identified in NEOWISE. This sample includes two previously known FU Orionis-type (FUOr) outbursts whose SPHEREx spectra exhibit clear signatures of cool molecular absorption and three known classical novae showing strong emission lines in SPHEREx. Using these sources as templates, we identify two new FUOrs and one previously missed Galactic nova. Our results highlight the potential of SPHEREx for systematic explorations of the relatively underexplored dynamic infrared sky.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07129
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SPHEREx as a frontier for infrared transients: Classification of new Galactic FU Ori outbursts and classical novae
Karambelkar, Viraj
De, Kishalay
Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
Sokoloski, J. L.
Frostig, Danielle
Dalcanton, Julianne
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
We demonstrate proof-of-concept of a new strategy for studying infrared (IR) transients enabled by the newly launched SPHEREx space mission, by leveraging its synergy with the NEOWISE space mission. With its fifteen year baseline and all-sky mid-IR coverage, NEOWISE provides an excellent avenue to discover thousands of slowly evolving infrared outbursts. With its all-sky spectro-photometric coverage and mid-IR sensitivity matching NEOWISE, SPHEREx is uniquely positioned to provide low-resolution IR spectra for the vast majority of these outbursts, several of which are too obscured for ground-based spectroscopic classification. As a demonstration of this approach, we present SPHEREx spectra for eight Galactic transients identified in NEOWISE. This sample includes two previously known FU Orionis-type (FUOr) outbursts whose SPHEREx spectra exhibit clear signatures of cool molecular absorption and three known classical novae showing strong emission lines in SPHEREx. Using these sources as templates, we identify two new FUOrs and one previously missed Galactic nova. Our results highlight the potential of SPHEREx for systematic explorations of the relatively underexplored dynamic infrared sky.
title SPHEREx as a frontier for infrared transients: Classification of new Galactic FU Ori outbursts and classical novae
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07129