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Main Authors: Zhu, Kaijie, Nie, Yuzhou, Li, Yijiang, Huang, Yiming, Wu, Jialian, Liu, Jiang, Sun, Ximeng, Yin, Zhenfei, Wang, Lun, Liu, Zicheng, Barsoum, Emad, Wang, William Yang, Guo, Wenbo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07274
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author Zhu, Kaijie
Nie, Yuzhou
Li, Yijiang
Huang, Yiming
Wu, Jialian
Liu, Jiang
Sun, Ximeng
Yin, Zhenfei
Wang, Lun
Liu, Zicheng
Barsoum, Emad
Wang, William Yang
Guo, Wenbo
author_facet Zhu, Kaijie
Nie, Yuzhou
Li, Yijiang
Huang, Yiming
Wu, Jialian
Liu, Jiang
Sun, Ximeng
Yin, Zhenfei
Wang, Lun
Liu, Zicheng
Barsoum, Emad
Wang, William Yang
Guo, Wenbo
contents Executing complex terminal tasks remains a significant challenge for open-weight LLMs, constrained by two fundamental limitations. First, high-fidelity, executable training environments are scarce: environments synthesized from real-world repositories are not diverse and scalable, while trajectories synthesized by LLMs suffer from hallucinations. Second, standard instruction tuning uses expert trajectories that rarely exhibit simple mistakes common to smaller models. This creates a distributional mismatch, leaving student models ill-equipped to recover from their own runtime failures. To bridge these gaps, we introduce TermiGen, an end-to-end pipeline for synthesizing verifiable environments and resilient expert trajectories. Termi-Gen first generates functionally valid tasks and Docker containers via an iterative multi-agent refinement loop. Subsequently, we employ a Generator-Critic protocol that actively injects errors during trajectory collection, synthesizing data rich in error-correction cycles. Fine-tuned on this TermiGen-generated dataset, our TermiGen-Qwen2.5-Coder-32B achieves a 31.3% pass rate on TerminalBench. This establishes a new open-weights state-of-the-art, outperforming existing baselines and notably surpassing capable proprietary models such as o4-mini. Dataset is avaiable at https://github.com/ucsb-mlsec/terminal-bench-env.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07274
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TermiGen: High-Fidelity Environment and Robust Trajectory Synthesis for Terminal Agents
Zhu, Kaijie
Nie, Yuzhou
Li, Yijiang
Huang, Yiming
Wu, Jialian
Liu, Jiang
Sun, Ximeng
Yin, Zhenfei
Wang, Lun
Liu, Zicheng
Barsoum, Emad
Wang, William Yang
Guo, Wenbo
Artificial Intelligence
Executing complex terminal tasks remains a significant challenge for open-weight LLMs, constrained by two fundamental limitations. First, high-fidelity, executable training environments are scarce: environments synthesized from real-world repositories are not diverse and scalable, while trajectories synthesized by LLMs suffer from hallucinations. Second, standard instruction tuning uses expert trajectories that rarely exhibit simple mistakes common to smaller models. This creates a distributional mismatch, leaving student models ill-equipped to recover from their own runtime failures. To bridge these gaps, we introduce TermiGen, an end-to-end pipeline for synthesizing verifiable environments and resilient expert trajectories. Termi-Gen first generates functionally valid tasks and Docker containers via an iterative multi-agent refinement loop. Subsequently, we employ a Generator-Critic protocol that actively injects errors during trajectory collection, synthesizing data rich in error-correction cycles. Fine-tuned on this TermiGen-generated dataset, our TermiGen-Qwen2.5-Coder-32B achieves a 31.3% pass rate on TerminalBench. This establishes a new open-weights state-of-the-art, outperforming existing baselines and notably surpassing capable proprietary models such as o4-mini. Dataset is avaiable at https://github.com/ucsb-mlsec/terminal-bench-env.
title TermiGen: High-Fidelity Environment and Robust Trajectory Synthesis for Terminal Agents
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07274