Overcoming sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off in mid-infrared spectroscopy by a microresonator-anchored swept laser
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2026
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| author | Cai, Zhaoyu Wang, Zihao Ding, Yulei Wang, Yifei Wang, Chengjiu Yang, Changxi Guo, Yanan Yan, Jianchang Wang, Junxi Liu, Xun Li, Jiangtao Zhao, Ruocan Xue, Xianghui Bao, Chengying |
| author_facet | Cai, Zhaoyu Wang, Zihao Ding, Yulei Wang, Yifei Wang, Chengjiu Yang, Changxi Guo, Yanan Yan, Jianchang Wang, Junxi Liu, Xun Li, Jiangtao Zhao, Ruocan Xue, Xianghui Bao, Chengying |
| contents | Optical frequency combs have revolutionized high-precision spectroscopy, yet an intrinsic trade-off between spectroscopic signal-to-noise ratio (sSNR) and measurement bandwidth ($B$) fundamentally constrains sensitive, broadband measurements. While broadband swept lasers offer a potential solution, generating broadband, ultrafast and linearly sweeping lasers with a narrow linewidth remains a significant challenge, particularly in the fingerprint mid-infrared (mid-IR) band. Here we overcome this limitation by using a microresonator-anchored ultrafast sweeping Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser for mid-IR spectroscopy. We introduce a dual-microresonator-anchor approach: a microcomb provides frequency calibration and a high-Q microresonator resolves the instantaneous FDML lasing lineshape. The strategy enables accurate correction of the FDML laser's sweep nonlinearity and broad linewidth in the near-IR, allowing the FDML laser to function as a high-fidelity mid-IR light via difference frequency generation. The system achieves a record sSNR$\times$$B$ of 1.3$\times$10$^5$ THz$\cdot \sqrt{\rm Hz}$ and methane sensing precision of 9 ppb$\cdot$m$\cdot$$\sqrt{\rm s}$, while retaining GHz resolution to distinguish methane isotope. We further demonstrate broadband, coherent swept laser phase spectroscopy in the mid-IR, tolerating losses up to 78 dB. This work leverages advances in integrated photonics to overcome the fundamental limitations of precision spectroscopy, paving the way for next-generation, broadband, and ultra-sensitive mid-IR spectroscopic sensing systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07757 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Overcoming sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off in mid-infrared spectroscopy by a microresonator-anchored swept laser Cai, Zhaoyu Wang, Zihao Ding, Yulei Wang, Yifei Wang, Chengjiu Yang, Changxi Guo, Yanan Yan, Jianchang Wang, Junxi Liu, Xun Li, Jiangtao Zhao, Ruocan Xue, Xianghui Bao, Chengying Optics Optical frequency combs have revolutionized high-precision spectroscopy, yet an intrinsic trade-off between spectroscopic signal-to-noise ratio (sSNR) and measurement bandwidth ($B$) fundamentally constrains sensitive, broadband measurements. While broadband swept lasers offer a potential solution, generating broadband, ultrafast and linearly sweeping lasers with a narrow linewidth remains a significant challenge, particularly in the fingerprint mid-infrared (mid-IR) band. Here we overcome this limitation by using a microresonator-anchored ultrafast sweeping Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser for mid-IR spectroscopy. We introduce a dual-microresonator-anchor approach: a microcomb provides frequency calibration and a high-Q microresonator resolves the instantaneous FDML lasing lineshape. The strategy enables accurate correction of the FDML laser's sweep nonlinearity and broad linewidth in the near-IR, allowing the FDML laser to function as a high-fidelity mid-IR light via difference frequency generation. The system achieves a record sSNR$\times$$B$ of 1.3$\times$10$^5$ THz$\cdot \sqrt{\rm Hz}$ and methane sensing precision of 9 ppb$\cdot$m$\cdot$$\sqrt{\rm s}$, while retaining GHz resolution to distinguish methane isotope. We further demonstrate broadband, coherent swept laser phase spectroscopy in the mid-IR, tolerating losses up to 78 dB. This work leverages advances in integrated photonics to overcome the fundamental limitations of precision spectroscopy, paving the way for next-generation, broadband, and ultra-sensitive mid-IR spectroscopic sensing systems. |
| title | Overcoming sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off in mid-infrared spectroscopy by a microresonator-anchored swept laser |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07757 |