Phase-controlled elastic, inelastic, and coalescent collisions of two-dimensional flat-top solitons
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866910194670239744 |
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| author | Alotaibi, M. O. D. Abughnheim, Y. O. A. Sakkaf, L. Al Khawaja, U. Al |
| author_facet | Alotaibi, M. O. D. Abughnheim, Y. O. A. Sakkaf, L. Al Khawaja, U. Al |
| contents | We investigate elastic, inelastic, and coalescent collisions between two-dimensional flat-top solitons supported by the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Numerical simulations reveal distinct collision regimes ranging from nearly elastic scattering to strongly inelastic interactions leading to long-lived merged states. We demonstrate that the transition between these regimes is primarily controlled by the relative phase of the solitons at the collision point, with out-of-phase collisions suppressing overlap and in-phase collisions promoting strong interaction. Kinetic-energy diagnostics are introduced to quantitatively characterize collision outcomes and to identify phase- and separation-dependent windows of elasticity. To interpret the observed dynamics, we extract effective phase-dependent interaction potentials from collision trajectories, providing a mechanical picture of attraction and repulsion between flat-top solitons. The stability of merged states formed after strongly inelastic collisions is explained by their lower energetic cost, arising from interfacial energetics, where a balance between internal pressure and edge tension plays a central role. A variational analysis based on direct energy minimization supports this picture by revealing robust energetic minima associated with stationary two-dimensional flat-top solitons. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07762 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Phase-controlled elastic, inelastic, and coalescent collisions of two-dimensional flat-top solitons Alotaibi, M. O. D. Abughnheim, Y. O. A. Sakkaf, L. Al Khawaja, U. Al Pattern Formation and Solitons We investigate elastic, inelastic, and coalescent collisions between two-dimensional flat-top solitons supported by the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Numerical simulations reveal distinct collision regimes ranging from nearly elastic scattering to strongly inelastic interactions leading to long-lived merged states. We demonstrate that the transition between these regimes is primarily controlled by the relative phase of the solitons at the collision point, with out-of-phase collisions suppressing overlap and in-phase collisions promoting strong interaction. Kinetic-energy diagnostics are introduced to quantitatively characterize collision outcomes and to identify phase- and separation-dependent windows of elasticity. To interpret the observed dynamics, we extract effective phase-dependent interaction potentials from collision trajectories, providing a mechanical picture of attraction and repulsion between flat-top solitons. The stability of merged states formed after strongly inelastic collisions is explained by their lower energetic cost, arising from interfacial energetics, where a balance between internal pressure and edge tension plays a central role. A variational analysis based on direct energy minimization supports this picture by revealing robust energetic minima associated with stationary two-dimensional flat-top solitons. |
| title | Phase-controlled elastic, inelastic, and coalescent collisions of two-dimensional flat-top solitons |
| topic | Pattern Formation and Solitons |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07762 |