Data Darwinism Part I: Unlocking the Value of Scientific Data for Pre-training

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Qin, Yiwei, Huang, Zhen, Mi, Tiantian, Si, Weiye, Zhou, Chenyang, Guo, Qipeng, Feng, Siyuan, Liu, Pengfei
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Qin, Yiwei
Huang, Zhen
Mi, Tiantian
Si, Weiye
Zhou, Chenyang
Guo, Qipeng
Feng, Siyuan
Liu, Pengfei
author_facet Qin, Yiwei
Huang, Zhen
Mi, Tiantian
Si, Weiye
Zhou, Chenyang
Guo, Qipeng
Feng, Siyuan
Liu, Pengfei
contents Data quality determines foundation model performance, yet systematic processing frameworks are lacking. We introduce Data Darwinism, a ten-level taxonomy (L0-L9) that conceptualizes data-model co-evolution: advanced models produce superior data for next-generation systems. We validate this on scientific literature by constructing Darwin-Science, a 900B-token corpus (L0-L5). We identify a learnability gap in raw scientific text, which we bridge via L4 (Generative Refinement) and L5 (Cognitive Completion) using frontier LLMs to explicate reasoning and terminology. To ensure rigorous attribution, we pre-trained daVinci-origin-3B/7B models from scratch, excluding scientific content to create contamination-free baselines. After 600B tokens of continued pre-training, Darwin-Science outperforms baselines by +2.12 (3B) and +2.95 (7B) points across 20+ benchmarks, rising to +5.60 and +8.40 points on domain-aligned tasks. Systematic progression to L5 yields a +1.36 total gain, confirming that higher-level processing unlocks latent data value. We release the Darwin-Science corpus and daVinci-origin models to enable principled, co-evolutionary development.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07824
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Data Darwinism Part I: Unlocking the Value of Scientific Data for Pre-training
Qin, Yiwei
Huang, Zhen
Mi, Tiantian
Si, Weiye
Zhou, Chenyang
Guo, Qipeng
Feng, Siyuan
Liu, Pengfei
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Data quality determines foundation model performance, yet systematic processing frameworks are lacking. We introduce Data Darwinism, a ten-level taxonomy (L0-L9) that conceptualizes data-model co-evolution: advanced models produce superior data for next-generation systems. We validate this on scientific literature by constructing Darwin-Science, a 900B-token corpus (L0-L5). We identify a learnability gap in raw scientific text, which we bridge via L4 (Generative Refinement) and L5 (Cognitive Completion) using frontier LLMs to explicate reasoning and terminology. To ensure rigorous attribution, we pre-trained daVinci-origin-3B/7B models from scratch, excluding scientific content to create contamination-free baselines. After 600B tokens of continued pre-training, Darwin-Science outperforms baselines by +2.12 (3B) and +2.95 (7B) points across 20+ benchmarks, rising to +5.60 and +8.40 points on domain-aligned tasks. Systematic progression to L5 yields a +1.36 total gain, confirming that higher-level processing unlocks latent data value. We release the Darwin-Science corpus and daVinci-origin models to enable principled, co-evolutionary development.
title Data Darwinism Part I: Unlocking the Value of Scientific Data for Pre-training
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07824