Inhomogeneous Priors for Bayesian Inverse Problems
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911431736164352 |
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| author | Afkham, Babak Maboudi Soto, Tomas Karamehmedovic, Mirza Roininen, Lassi |
| author_facet | Afkham, Babak Maboudi Soto, Tomas Karamehmedovic, Mirza Roininen, Lassi |
| contents | Many inverse problems arising in engineering and applied sciences involve unknown quantities with pronounced spatial inhomogeneity, such as localized defects or spatially varying material properties, making reliable uncertainty quantification particularly challenging. While Bayesian inverse problem methodologies provide a principled framework for assessing reconstruction reliability, commonly used Gaussian priors, such as Whittle-Matern models, impose globally homogeneous assumptions that limit their ability to capture such structure in large-scale settings. We introduce a new class of inhomogeneous priors defined via convolution with white noise, yielding nonstationary Whittle-Matern-type random fields with a rigorous mathematical construction. These priors fit naturally within existing Bayesian well-posedness theory and enable efficient sampling by reducing prior realizations to the solution of a pseudo-differential equation, for which we develop numerical schemes with quantified approximation error. Numerical experiments in one-dimensional denoising and two-dimensional limited-angle X-ray tomography demonstrate significant improvements in reconstruction quality and uncertainty quantification, particularly in data-limited scenarios. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07856 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Inhomogeneous Priors for Bayesian Inverse Problems Afkham, Babak Maboudi Soto, Tomas Karamehmedovic, Mirza Roininen, Lassi Numerical Analysis Probability Statistics Theory Many inverse problems arising in engineering and applied sciences involve unknown quantities with pronounced spatial inhomogeneity, such as localized defects or spatially varying material properties, making reliable uncertainty quantification particularly challenging. While Bayesian inverse problem methodologies provide a principled framework for assessing reconstruction reliability, commonly used Gaussian priors, such as Whittle-Matern models, impose globally homogeneous assumptions that limit their ability to capture such structure in large-scale settings. We introduce a new class of inhomogeneous priors defined via convolution with white noise, yielding nonstationary Whittle-Matern-type random fields with a rigorous mathematical construction. These priors fit naturally within existing Bayesian well-posedness theory and enable efficient sampling by reducing prior realizations to the solution of a pseudo-differential equation, for which we develop numerical schemes with quantified approximation error. Numerical experiments in one-dimensional denoising and two-dimensional limited-angle X-ray tomography demonstrate significant improvements in reconstruction quality and uncertainty quantification, particularly in data-limited scenarios. |
| title | Inhomogeneous Priors for Bayesian Inverse Problems |
| topic | Numerical Analysis Probability Statistics Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07856 |