Mutual Inductance Sensing SQUID: Cryogenic microcalorimeter based on mutual inductance readout of superconducting temperature sensors
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908996650139648 |
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| author | Zeuner, Jodok Schuster, Constantin Kempf, Sebastian |
| author_facet | Zeuner, Jodok Schuster, Constantin Kempf, Sebastian |
| contents | Superconducting microcalorimeters, such as superconducting transition-edge sensors and magnetic microcalorimeters, have emerged as state-of-the-art detectors for X-ray emission spectroscopy by combining near-unity quantum efficiency with excellent energy resolution. Despite these achievements, their resolving power has not yet reached the level required to rival modern wavelength-dispersive grating or crystal spectrometers. Here, we introduce a next-generation SQUID-based microcalorimeter concept that exploits the strong temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth of a superconductor operated close to its critical temperature. The resulting mutual-inductance-based readout enables in situ tunable signal amplification, while inherently avoiding hysteretic effects that commonly limit superconducting sensors. Experiments with prototype devices demonstrate robust and reproducible operation over a wide temperature range. Based on our measurements and modeling, we project that, using an optimized absorber-sensor combination, an energy resolution below 100meV (FWHM) should be achievable for soft X-ray photons with energies below 800eV. This approach therefore represents a promising pathway towards next-generation cryogenic detectors for high-precision X-ray emission spectroscopy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07917 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Mutual Inductance Sensing SQUID: Cryogenic microcalorimeter based on mutual inductance readout of superconducting temperature sensors Zeuner, Jodok Schuster, Constantin Kempf, Sebastian Instrumentation and Detectors Superconductivity Superconducting microcalorimeters, such as superconducting transition-edge sensors and magnetic microcalorimeters, have emerged as state-of-the-art detectors for X-ray emission spectroscopy by combining near-unity quantum efficiency with excellent energy resolution. Despite these achievements, their resolving power has not yet reached the level required to rival modern wavelength-dispersive grating or crystal spectrometers. Here, we introduce a next-generation SQUID-based microcalorimeter concept that exploits the strong temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth of a superconductor operated close to its critical temperature. The resulting mutual-inductance-based readout enables in situ tunable signal amplification, while inherently avoiding hysteretic effects that commonly limit superconducting sensors. Experiments with prototype devices demonstrate robust and reproducible operation over a wide temperature range. Based on our measurements and modeling, we project that, using an optimized absorber-sensor combination, an energy resolution below 100meV (FWHM) should be achievable for soft X-ray photons with energies below 800eV. This approach therefore represents a promising pathway towards next-generation cryogenic detectors for high-precision X-ray emission spectroscopy. |
| title | Mutual Inductance Sensing SQUID: Cryogenic microcalorimeter based on mutual inductance readout of superconducting temperature sensors |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07917 |