Lower Bounds for Densities of Transcendental Gamma-Function Derivatives
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866913025698562048 |
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| author | Powers, Michael R. |
| author_facet | Powers, Michael R. |
| contents | In recent work, we showed that for all $q\in\tfrac{1}{2}\mathbb{Z}\setminus\mathbb{Z}_{\leq0}$ the sequence $\left\{Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(q\right)\right\} _{n\geq1}$ contains transcendental elements infinitely often, with the density of transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(q\right)$ among $n\in\left\{1,2,\ldots,N\right\}$ bounded below by $β\left(N\right)=\max\left\{0,\sqrt{N}-5/2\right\}/N$. For both fixed and variable $n$, we now study the transcendence of $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(q\right)$ at both positive lattice points $q=m\in\left\{1,2,\ldots\right\}$ and rationally shifted lattice points $q=\widetilde{m}\in\left\{κ,\pm1+κ,\pm2+κ,\ldots\right\}$ (for $κ\in\left(0,1\right)\cap\mathbb{Q}$ such that $Γ\left(κ\right)$ is transcendental). For $n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq2}$, we find there are at most $n-1$ algebraic $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(m\right)$, and for $n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq1}$, there are at most $n$ algebraic $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(\widetilde{m}\right)$ for each one-sided shifted lattice (i.e., $\widetilde{m}\geqκ$ or $\widetilde{m}\leqκ$). These results form the basis for constructing lower bounds for the densities of transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(m\right)$ among $m\in\left\{1,2,\ldots,M\right\}$ and transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(\widetilde{m}\right)$ among either $\widetilde{m}\in\left\{κ,1+κ,2+κ,\ldots,M+κ\right\}$ or $\widetilde{m}\in\left\{κ,-1+κ,-2+κ,\ldots,-M+κ\right\}$. Allowing $n$ to vary, we derive lower bounds for the bivariate densities of both transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(m\right)$ among $\left(n,m\right)\in\left\{2,3,\ldots,N\right\}\times\left\{1,2,\ldots,M\right\}$ and transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(\widetilde{m}\right)$ among one-sided shifted-lattice analogues. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_07985 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Lower Bounds for Densities of Transcendental Gamma-Function Derivatives Powers, Michael R. Number Theory 11J81, 11J91 In recent work, we showed that for all $q\in\tfrac{1}{2}\mathbb{Z}\setminus\mathbb{Z}_{\leq0}$ the sequence $\left\{Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(q\right)\right\} _{n\geq1}$ contains transcendental elements infinitely often, with the density of transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(q\right)$ among $n\in\left\{1,2,\ldots,N\right\}$ bounded below by $β\left(N\right)=\max\left\{0,\sqrt{N}-5/2\right\}/N$. For both fixed and variable $n$, we now study the transcendence of $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(q\right)$ at both positive lattice points $q=m\in\left\{1,2,\ldots\right\}$ and rationally shifted lattice points $q=\widetilde{m}\in\left\{κ,\pm1+κ,\pm2+κ,\ldots\right\}$ (for $κ\in\left(0,1\right)\cap\mathbb{Q}$ such that $Γ\left(κ\right)$ is transcendental). For $n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq2}$, we find there are at most $n-1$ algebraic $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(m\right)$, and for $n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq1}$, there are at most $n$ algebraic $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(\widetilde{m}\right)$ for each one-sided shifted lattice (i.e., $\widetilde{m}\geqκ$ or $\widetilde{m}\leqκ$). These results form the basis for constructing lower bounds for the densities of transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(m\right)$ among $m\in\left\{1,2,\ldots,M\right\}$ and transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(\widetilde{m}\right)$ among either $\widetilde{m}\in\left\{κ,1+κ,2+κ,\ldots,M+κ\right\}$ or $\widetilde{m}\in\left\{κ,-1+κ,-2+κ,\ldots,-M+κ\right\}$. Allowing $n$ to vary, we derive lower bounds for the bivariate densities of both transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(m\right)$ among $\left(n,m\right)\in\left\{2,3,\ldots,N\right\}\times\left\{1,2,\ldots,M\right\}$ and transcendental $Γ^{\left(n\right)}\left(\widetilde{m}\right)$ among one-sided shifted-lattice analogues. |
| title | Lower Bounds for Densities of Transcendental Gamma-Function Derivatives |
| topic | Number Theory 11J81, 11J91 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07985 |