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Main Authors: Meng, Yuqiao, Tang, Luoxi, Zhang, Dazheng, Brens, Rafael, Romero, Elvys J., Guo, Nancy, Elkefi, Safa, Xi, Zhaohan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08013
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author Meng, Yuqiao
Tang, Luoxi
Zhang, Dazheng
Brens, Rafael
Romero, Elvys J.
Guo, Nancy
Elkefi, Safa
Xi, Zhaohan
author_facet Meng, Yuqiao
Tang, Luoxi
Zhang, Dazheng
Brens, Rafael
Romero, Elvys J.
Guo, Nancy
Elkefi, Safa
Xi, Zhaohan
contents The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in digital health has been driven by a "scaling-first" philosophy, i.e., the assumption that clinical intelligence increases with model size and data. However, real-world clinical needs include not only effectiveness, but also reliability and reasonable deployment cost. Since clinical decision-making is inherently collaborative, we challenge the monolithic scaling paradigm and ask whether a Small Agent Group (SAG) can support better clinical reasoning. SAG shifts from single-model intelligence to collective expertise by distributing reasoning, evidence-based analysis, and critical audit through a collaborative deliberation process. To assess the clinical utility of SAG, we conduct extensive evaluations using diverse clinical metrics spanning effectiveness, reliability, and deployment cost. Our results show that SAG achieves superior performance compared to a single giant model, both with and without additional optimization or retrieval-augmented generation. These findings suggest that the synergistic reasoning represented by SAG can substitute for model parameter growth in clinical settings. Overall, SAG offers a scalable solution to digital health that better balances effectiveness, reliability, and deployment efficiency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_08013
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Small Agent Group is the Future of Digital Health
Meng, Yuqiao
Tang, Luoxi
Zhang, Dazheng
Brens, Rafael
Romero, Elvys J.
Guo, Nancy
Elkefi, Safa
Xi, Zhaohan
Artificial Intelligence
The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in digital health has been driven by a "scaling-first" philosophy, i.e., the assumption that clinical intelligence increases with model size and data. However, real-world clinical needs include not only effectiveness, but also reliability and reasonable deployment cost. Since clinical decision-making is inherently collaborative, we challenge the monolithic scaling paradigm and ask whether a Small Agent Group (SAG) can support better clinical reasoning. SAG shifts from single-model intelligence to collective expertise by distributing reasoning, evidence-based analysis, and critical audit through a collaborative deliberation process. To assess the clinical utility of SAG, we conduct extensive evaluations using diverse clinical metrics spanning effectiveness, reliability, and deployment cost. Our results show that SAG achieves superior performance compared to a single giant model, both with and without additional optimization or retrieval-augmented generation. These findings suggest that the synergistic reasoning represented by SAG can substitute for model parameter growth in clinical settings. Overall, SAG offers a scalable solution to digital health that better balances effectiveness, reliability, and deployment efficiency.
title Small Agent Group is the Future of Digital Health
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08013