Gender and Race Bias in Consumer Product Recommendations by Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Xu, Ke, Potka, Shera, Thomo, Alex
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Xu, Ke
Potka, Shera
Thomo, Alex
author_facet Xu, Ke
Potka, Shera
Thomo, Alex
contents Large Language Models are increasingly employed in generating consumer product recommendations, yet their potential for embedding and amplifying gender and race biases remains underexplored. This paper serves as one of the first attempts to examine these biases within LLM-generated recommendations. We leverage prompt engineering to elicit product suggestions from LLMs for various race and gender groups and employ three analytical methods-Marked Words, Support Vector Machines, and Jensen-Shannon Divergence-to identify and quantify biases. Our findings reveal significant disparities in the recommendations for demographic groups, underscoring the need for more equitable LLM recommendation systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_08124
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Gender and Race Bias in Consumer Product Recommendations by Large Language Models
Xu, Ke
Potka, Shera
Thomo, Alex
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
I.2.7; H.3.3; K.4.1
Large Language Models are increasingly employed in generating consumer product recommendations, yet their potential for embedding and amplifying gender and race biases remains underexplored. This paper serves as one of the first attempts to examine these biases within LLM-generated recommendations. We leverage prompt engineering to elicit product suggestions from LLMs for various race and gender groups and employ three analytical methods-Marked Words, Support Vector Machines, and Jensen-Shannon Divergence-to identify and quantify biases. Our findings reveal significant disparities in the recommendations for demographic groups, underscoring the need for more equitable LLM recommendation systems.
title Gender and Race Bias in Consumer Product Recommendations by Large Language Models
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
I.2.7; H.3.3; K.4.1
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08124