Self-adjoint extensions of symmetric relations associated with systems of ordinary differential equations with distributional coefficients

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Hauptverfasser: Redolfi, Steven, Weikard, Rudi
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Redolfi, Steven
Weikard, Rudi
author_facet Redolfi, Steven
Weikard, Rudi
contents We study the extension theory for the two-dimensional first-order system $Ju' +qu = wf$ of differential equations on the real interval $(a,b)$ where $J$ is a constant, invertible, skew-hermitian matrix and $q$ and $w$ are matrices whose entries are real distributions of order $0$ with $q$ hermitian and $w$ non-negative. Specifically, we characterize the boundary conditions for solutions $u$ in the closure of the minimal relation, as well as describe the properties of quasi-boundary conditions which yield self-adjoint extensions. We then apply these ideas to a popular extension of non-negative minimal relations: the Krein-von Neumann extension. For more context on how the Krein-von Neumann is defined, an appendix shows a construction of the Friedrichs extension from which the Krein-von Neumann is traditionally defined.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_09152
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Self-adjoint extensions of symmetric relations associated with systems of ordinary differential equations with distributional coefficients
Redolfi, Steven
Weikard, Rudi
Spectral Theory
Mathematical Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
34L05, 47B25, 47A06
We study the extension theory for the two-dimensional first-order system $Ju' +qu = wf$ of differential equations on the real interval $(a,b)$ where $J$ is a constant, invertible, skew-hermitian matrix and $q$ and $w$ are matrices whose entries are real distributions of order $0$ with $q$ hermitian and $w$ non-negative. Specifically, we characterize the boundary conditions for solutions $u$ in the closure of the minimal relation, as well as describe the properties of quasi-boundary conditions which yield self-adjoint extensions. We then apply these ideas to a popular extension of non-negative minimal relations: the Krein-von Neumann extension. For more context on how the Krein-von Neumann is defined, an appendix shows a construction of the Friedrichs extension from which the Krein-von Neumann is traditionally defined.
title Self-adjoint extensions of symmetric relations associated with systems of ordinary differential equations with distributional coefficients
topic Spectral Theory
Mathematical Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
34L05, 47B25, 47A06
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.09152