Elements of Robot Morphology: Supporting Designers in Robot Form Exploration

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Koike, Amy, Guo, Serena Ge, He, Xinning, Kim, Callie Y., Sullivan, Dakota, Mutlu, Bilge
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Koike, Amy
Guo, Serena Ge
He, Xinning
Kim, Callie Y.
Sullivan, Dakota
Mutlu, Bilge
author_facet Koike, Amy
Guo, Serena Ge
He, Xinning
Kim, Callie Y.
Sullivan, Dakota
Mutlu, Bilge
contents Robot morphology, the form, shape, and structure of robots, is a key design space in human-robot interaction (HRI), shaping how robots function, express themselves, and interact with people. Yet, despite its importance, little is known about how design frameworks can guide systematic form exploration. To address this gap, we introduce Elements of Robot Morphology, a framework that identifies five fundamental elements: perception, articulation, end effectors, locomotion, and structure. Derived from an analysis of existing robots, the framework supports structured exploration of diverse robot forms. To operationalize the framework, we developed Morphology Exploration Blocks (MEB), a set of tangible blocks that enable hands-on, collaborative experimentation with robot morphologies. We evaluate the framework and toolkit through a case study and design workshops, showing how they support analysis, ideation, reflection, and collaborative robot design.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_09203
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Elements of Robot Morphology: Supporting Designers in Robot Form Exploration
Koike, Amy
Guo, Serena Ge
He, Xinning
Kim, Callie Y.
Sullivan, Dakota
Mutlu, Bilge
Robotics
Human-Computer Interaction
Robot morphology, the form, shape, and structure of robots, is a key design space in human-robot interaction (HRI), shaping how robots function, express themselves, and interact with people. Yet, despite its importance, little is known about how design frameworks can guide systematic form exploration. To address this gap, we introduce Elements of Robot Morphology, a framework that identifies five fundamental elements: perception, articulation, end effectors, locomotion, and structure. Derived from an analysis of existing robots, the framework supports structured exploration of diverse robot forms. To operationalize the framework, we developed Morphology Exploration Blocks (MEB), a set of tangible blocks that enable hands-on, collaborative experimentation with robot morphologies. We evaluate the framework and toolkit through a case study and design workshops, showing how they support analysis, ideation, reflection, and collaborative robot design.
title Elements of Robot Morphology: Supporting Designers in Robot Form Exploration
topic Robotics
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.09203