$S-P-D$ Mixing in Vector Quarkonia from the Salpeter Equation with Optimized Wave Function Representations
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915788499189760 |
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| author | Ke, Wen-Yuan Li, Qiang Wang, Tianhong Feng, Tai-Fu Wang, Guo-Li |
| author_facet | Ke, Wen-Yuan Li, Qiang Wang, Tianhong Feng, Tai-Fu Wang, Guo-Li |
| contents | This paper proposes a novel mechanism based on the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter (Salpeter) equation for investigating wave function mixing in vector mesons such as $ψ(3770)$. Conventional theories typically treat $ψ(3770)$ as a $2S-1D$ mixed state; however, considering only tensor forces or relativistic corrections alone often leads to mixing angles that are too small and inconsistent with experimental data. Phenomenological $2S-1D$ mixing requires experimental data as input to determine the mixing angles, resulting in limited theoretical studies on states like $Υ(1D, 2D)$ in the absence of experimental data. To more accurately describe $S-D$ mixing and its relativistic effects, this paper systematically compares eight possible relativistic wave function representations ($φ_1$ to $φ_8$) by solving the Salpeter equation and calculates the mass spectra and dileptonic decay widths of charmonium and bottomonium. The study finds that the wave function representation $φ_2$ can simultaneously reproduce the experimental data of both charmonium and bottomonium well. Further analysis reveals that, in addition to $S-D$ mixing, the wave functions of vector mesons contain a non-negligible $P$-wave component, meaning they are $S-P-D$ mixed states. We predict the mixing angles for bottomonium $Υ(1D)$ and $Υ(2D)$ to be $(1.78^{+0.32}_{-0.25})^\circ$ and $(5.44^{+1.10}_{-0.76})^\circ$, with dileptonic decay widths of $2.29^{+0.86}_{-0.69}$ eV and $10.5^{+4.2}_{-3.1}$ eV, respectively. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_09692 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | $S-P-D$ Mixing in Vector Quarkonia from the Salpeter Equation with Optimized Wave Function Representations Ke, Wen-Yuan Li, Qiang Wang, Tianhong Feng, Tai-Fu Wang, Guo-Li High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment This paper proposes a novel mechanism based on the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter (Salpeter) equation for investigating wave function mixing in vector mesons such as $ψ(3770)$. Conventional theories typically treat $ψ(3770)$ as a $2S-1D$ mixed state; however, considering only tensor forces or relativistic corrections alone often leads to mixing angles that are too small and inconsistent with experimental data. Phenomenological $2S-1D$ mixing requires experimental data as input to determine the mixing angles, resulting in limited theoretical studies on states like $Υ(1D, 2D)$ in the absence of experimental data. To more accurately describe $S-D$ mixing and its relativistic effects, this paper systematically compares eight possible relativistic wave function representations ($φ_1$ to $φ_8$) by solving the Salpeter equation and calculates the mass spectra and dileptonic decay widths of charmonium and bottomonium. The study finds that the wave function representation $φ_2$ can simultaneously reproduce the experimental data of both charmonium and bottomonium well. Further analysis reveals that, in addition to $S-D$ mixing, the wave functions of vector mesons contain a non-negligible $P$-wave component, meaning they are $S-P-D$ mixed states. We predict the mixing angles for bottomonium $Υ(1D)$ and $Υ(2D)$ to be $(1.78^{+0.32}_{-0.25})^\circ$ and $(5.44^{+1.10}_{-0.76})^\circ$, with dileptonic decay widths of $2.29^{+0.86}_{-0.69}$ eV and $10.5^{+4.2}_{-3.1}$ eV, respectively. |
| title | $S-P-D$ Mixing in Vector Quarkonia from the Salpeter Equation with Optimized Wave Function Representations |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.09692 |