SAQNN: Spectral Adaptive Quantum Neural Network as a Universal Approximator

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Tang, Jialiang, Zhang, Jialin, Sun, Xiaoming
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Tang, Jialiang
Zhang, Jialin
Sun, Xiaoming
author_facet Tang, Jialiang
Zhang, Jialin
Sun, Xiaoming
contents Quantum machine learning (QML), as an interdisciplinary field bridging quantum computing and machine learning, has garnered significant attention in recent years. Currently, the field as a whole faces challenges due to incomplete theoretical foundations for the expressivity of quantum neural networks (QNNs). In this paper we propose a constructive QNN model and demonstrate that it possesses the universal approximation property (UAP), which means it can approximate any square-integrable function up to arbitrary accuracy. Furthermore, it supports switching function bases, thus adaptable to various scenarios in numerical approximation and machine learning. Our model has asymptotic advantages over the best classical feed-forward neural networks in terms of circuit size and achieves optimal parameter complexity when approximating Sobolev functions under $L_2$ norm.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_09718
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SAQNN: Spectral Adaptive Quantum Neural Network as a Universal Approximator
Tang, Jialiang
Zhang, Jialin
Sun, Xiaoming
Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
Quantum machine learning (QML), as an interdisciplinary field bridging quantum computing and machine learning, has garnered significant attention in recent years. Currently, the field as a whole faces challenges due to incomplete theoretical foundations for the expressivity of quantum neural networks (QNNs). In this paper we propose a constructive QNN model and demonstrate that it possesses the universal approximation property (UAP), which means it can approximate any square-integrable function up to arbitrary accuracy. Furthermore, it supports switching function bases, thus adaptable to various scenarios in numerical approximation and machine learning. Our model has asymptotic advantages over the best classical feed-forward neural networks in terms of circuit size and achieves optimal parameter complexity when approximating Sobolev functions under $L_2$ norm.
title SAQNN: Spectral Adaptive Quantum Neural Network as a Universal Approximator
topic Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.09718