Magneto-optical study of Nb thin films for superconducting qubits

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Datta, Amlan, Joshi, Kamal R., Ghimire, Sunil, Tanatar, Makariy A., Kopas, Cameron J., Marshall, Jayss, Mutus, Josh Y., Pappas, David P., Kramer, Matthew J., Prozorov, Ruslan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Datta, Amlan
Joshi, Kamal R.
Ghimire, Sunil
Tanatar, Makariy A.
Kopas, Cameron J.
Marshall, Jayss
Mutus, Josh Y.
Pappas, David P.
Kramer, Matthew J.
Prozorov, Ruslan
author_facet Datta, Amlan
Joshi, Kamal R.
Ghimire, Sunil
Tanatar, Makariy A.
Kopas, Cameron J.
Marshall, Jayss
Mutus, Josh Y.
Pappas, David P.
Kramer, Matthew J.
Prozorov, Ruslan
contents Among the recognized sources of decoherence in superconducting qubits, the spatial inhomogeneity of the superconducting state and the possible presence of magnetic-flux vortices remain comparatively underexplored. Niobium is commonly used as a structural material in transmon qubits that host Josephson junctions, and excess dissipation anywhere in the transmon can become a bottleneck that limits overall quantum performance. The metal/substrate interfacial layer may simultaneously host pair-breaking loss channels (e.g., two-level systems, TLS) and control thermal transport, thereby affecting dissipation and temperature stability. Here, we use quantitative magneto-optical imaging of the magnetic-flux distribution to characterize the homogeneity of the superconducting state and the critical current density, $j_{c}$, in niobium films fabricated under different sputtering conditions. The imaging reveals distinct flux-penetration regimes, ranging from a nearly ideal Bean critical state to strongly nonuniform thermo-magnetic dendritic avalanches. By fitting the measured magnetic-induction profiles, we extract $j_{c}$ and correlate it with film physical properties and with measured qubit internal quality factors. Our results indicate that the Nb/Si interlayer can be a significant contributor to decoherence and should be considered an important factor that must be optimized.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_10010
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Magneto-optical study of Nb thin films for superconducting qubits
Datta, Amlan
Joshi, Kamal R.
Ghimire, Sunil
Tanatar, Makariy A.
Kopas, Cameron J.
Marshall, Jayss
Mutus, Josh Y.
Pappas, David P.
Kramer, Matthew J.
Prozorov, Ruslan
Superconductivity
Among the recognized sources of decoherence in superconducting qubits, the spatial inhomogeneity of the superconducting state and the possible presence of magnetic-flux vortices remain comparatively underexplored. Niobium is commonly used as a structural material in transmon qubits that host Josephson junctions, and excess dissipation anywhere in the transmon can become a bottleneck that limits overall quantum performance. The metal/substrate interfacial layer may simultaneously host pair-breaking loss channels (e.g., two-level systems, TLS) and control thermal transport, thereby affecting dissipation and temperature stability. Here, we use quantitative magneto-optical imaging of the magnetic-flux distribution to characterize the homogeneity of the superconducting state and the critical current density, $j_{c}$, in niobium films fabricated under different sputtering conditions. The imaging reveals distinct flux-penetration regimes, ranging from a nearly ideal Bean critical state to strongly nonuniform thermo-magnetic dendritic avalanches. By fitting the measured magnetic-induction profiles, we extract $j_{c}$ and correlate it with film physical properties and with measured qubit internal quality factors. Our results indicate that the Nb/Si interlayer can be a significant contributor to decoherence and should be considered an important factor that must be optimized.
title Magneto-optical study of Nb thin films for superconducting qubits
topic Superconductivity
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10010