Causal-Informed Hybrid Online Adaptive Optimization for Ad Load Personalization in Large-Scale Social Networks

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Mishra, Aakash, Xu, Qi, Hua, Zhigang, Nie, Keyu, Sangale, Vishwanath, Vaingankar, Vishal, Zhang, Jizhe, Mao, Ren
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Mishra, Aakash
Xu, Qi
Hua, Zhigang
Nie, Keyu
Sangale, Vishwanath
Vaingankar, Vishal
Zhang, Jizhe
Mao, Ren
author_facet Mishra, Aakash
Xu, Qi
Hua, Zhigang
Nie, Keyu
Sangale, Vishwanath
Vaingankar, Vishal
Zhang, Jizhe
Mao, Ren
contents Personalizing ad load in large-scale social networks requires balancing user experience and conversions under operational constraints. Traditional primal-dual methods enforce constraints reliably but adapt slowly in dynamic environments, while Bayesian Optimization (BO) enables exploration but suffers from slow convergence. We propose a hybrid online adaptive optimization framework CTRCBO ( Cohort-Based Trust Region Contextual Bayesian Optimization), combining primal-dual with BO, enhanced by trust-region updates and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) surrogates for both objectives and constraints. Our approach leverages a upstream Causal ML model to inform the surrogate, improving decision quality and enabling efficient exploration-exploitation and online tuning. We evaluate our method on a billion-user social network, demonstrating faster convergence, robust constraint satisfaction, and improved personalization metrics, including real-world online AB test results.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_10129
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Causal-Informed Hybrid Online Adaptive Optimization for Ad Load Personalization in Large-Scale Social Networks
Mishra, Aakash
Xu, Qi
Hua, Zhigang
Nie, Keyu
Sangale, Vishwanath
Vaingankar, Vishal
Zhang, Jizhe
Mao, Ren
Social and Information Networks
Optimization and Control
Personalizing ad load in large-scale social networks requires balancing user experience and conversions under operational constraints. Traditional primal-dual methods enforce constraints reliably but adapt slowly in dynamic environments, while Bayesian Optimization (BO) enables exploration but suffers from slow convergence. We propose a hybrid online adaptive optimization framework CTRCBO ( Cohort-Based Trust Region Contextual Bayesian Optimization), combining primal-dual with BO, enhanced by trust-region updates and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) surrogates for both objectives and constraints. Our approach leverages a upstream Causal ML model to inform the surrogate, improving decision quality and enabling efficient exploration-exploitation and online tuning. We evaluate our method on a billion-user social network, demonstrating faster convergence, robust constraint satisfaction, and improved personalization metrics, including real-world online AB test results.
title Causal-Informed Hybrid Online Adaptive Optimization for Ad Load Personalization in Large-Scale Social Networks
topic Social and Information Networks
Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10129