Constraining cross sections for unstable $^{153,159}$Gd$(n,γ)$ and their astrophysical implications
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2026
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| author | Zhang, Shu-Tong Li, Zhi-Cai Luo, Kai-Jun Liu, Hong-Chen Guo, Yun-Jie Zhao, Kai-Xin Lin, Zi-Ang Luo, Wen |
| author_facet | Zhang, Shu-Tong Li, Zhi-Cai Luo, Kai-Jun Liu, Hong-Chen Guo, Yun-Jie Zhao, Kai-Xin Lin, Zi-Ang Luo, Wen |
| contents | Neutron capture $(n,γ)$ cross sections of Gadolinium (Gd) isotopes are critical to astrophysics research, nuclear reactor designs, and medical applications. However, the available $(n,γ)$ data on unstable Gd isotopes are scarce and direct measurement is challenging. In this work, we propose an approach to infer the $(n,γ)$ cross sections for unstable $^{153,159}$Gd isotopes by constraining both the $γ$-ray strength functions ($γ$SFs) and nuclear level densities (NLDs). Specifically, the key $γ$SF parameters are adjusted to match the available experimental data, and the NLD parameters are determined by renormalizing microscopic level densities through a Bayesian optimization method. Our approach is verified by comparing our predictions with the experimental $(n,γ)$ data for the stable $^{155,157}$Gd isotopes. We then infer the unstable $^{153,159}\text{Gd}(n,γ)$ cross sections within the neutron energy range of 0.01--5.0 MeV. The resulting uncertainty is about $30\%$, which is significantly reduced by a factor of 5.5 compared to a large uncertainty of $\sim167\%$ predicted with different nuclear models in TALYS. We further calculate the astrophysical reaction rates for the $^{153,159}\text{Gd}$ isotopes. It is found that the $^{159}\text{Gd}(n,γ)$ rate is larger by a factor of $\sim$2.9 than the JINA REACLIB recommendation. This enhancement increases the neutron capture branching ratio at $^{159}$Gd. Consequently, the resulting $^{160}$Gd abundance is increased by a factor of $\sim$2 compared to predictions using the JINA REACLIB rate in $s$-process nucleosynthesis simulations. Our approach is promising for extracting $(n,γ)$ data on a wider range of unstable isotopic chains as well as for essential astrophysical reaction network calculations and nuclear science applications. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_10634 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Constraining cross sections for unstable $^{153,159}$Gd$(n,γ)$ and their astrophysical implications Zhang, Shu-Tong Li, Zhi-Cai Luo, Kai-Jun Liu, Hong-Chen Guo, Yun-Jie Zhao, Kai-Xin Lin, Zi-Ang Luo, Wen Nuclear Theory Neutron capture $(n,γ)$ cross sections of Gadolinium (Gd) isotopes are critical to astrophysics research, nuclear reactor designs, and medical applications. However, the available $(n,γ)$ data on unstable Gd isotopes are scarce and direct measurement is challenging. In this work, we propose an approach to infer the $(n,γ)$ cross sections for unstable $^{153,159}$Gd isotopes by constraining both the $γ$-ray strength functions ($γ$SFs) and nuclear level densities (NLDs). Specifically, the key $γ$SF parameters are adjusted to match the available experimental data, and the NLD parameters are determined by renormalizing microscopic level densities through a Bayesian optimization method. Our approach is verified by comparing our predictions with the experimental $(n,γ)$ data for the stable $^{155,157}$Gd isotopes. We then infer the unstable $^{153,159}\text{Gd}(n,γ)$ cross sections within the neutron energy range of 0.01--5.0 MeV. The resulting uncertainty is about $30\%$, which is significantly reduced by a factor of 5.5 compared to a large uncertainty of $\sim167\%$ predicted with different nuclear models in TALYS. We further calculate the astrophysical reaction rates for the $^{153,159}\text{Gd}$ isotopes. It is found that the $^{159}\text{Gd}(n,γ)$ rate is larger by a factor of $\sim$2.9 than the JINA REACLIB recommendation. This enhancement increases the neutron capture branching ratio at $^{159}$Gd. Consequently, the resulting $^{160}$Gd abundance is increased by a factor of $\sim$2 compared to predictions using the JINA REACLIB rate in $s$-process nucleosynthesis simulations. Our approach is promising for extracting $(n,γ)$ data on a wider range of unstable isotopic chains as well as for essential astrophysical reaction network calculations and nuclear science applications. |
| title | Constraining cross sections for unstable $^{153,159}$Gd$(n,γ)$ and their astrophysical implications |
| topic | Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10634 |