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Autores principales: Kopiczko, Dawid J., Vaze, Sagar, Blankevoort, Tijmen, Asano, Yuki M.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11149
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author Kopiczko, Dawid J.
Vaze, Sagar
Blankevoort, Tijmen
Asano, Yuki M.
author_facet Kopiczko, Dawid J.
Vaze, Sagar
Blankevoort, Tijmen
Asano, Yuki M.
contents Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on chain-of-thought data is an essential post-training step for reasoning language models. Standard machine learning intuition suggests that training with more unique training samples yields better generalization. Counterintuitively, we show that SFT benefits from repetition: under a fixed update budget, training for more epochs on smaller datasets outperforms single-epoch training on larger datasets. On AIME'24/25 and GPQA benchmarks, Olmo3-7B trained for 128 epochs on 400 samples outperforms the equivalent 1 epoch on 51200 samples by 12-26 percentage points, with no additional catastrophic forgetting. We find that training token accuracy reliably signals when repetition has saturated; improvements from additional epochs plateau at full memorization, a pattern consistent across all settings. These findings provide a practical approach for reasoning SFT, where scaling epochs with token accuracy as a stopping criterion can replace expensive undirected data scaling. We pose the repetition advantage, where full memorization coincides with improved generalization, as a new open problem for the community in understanding the training dynamics of large language models.
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spellingShingle Data Repetition Beats Data Scaling in Long-CoT Supervised Fine-Tuning
Kopiczko, Dawid J.
Vaze, Sagar
Blankevoort, Tijmen
Asano, Yuki M.
Computation and Language
Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on chain-of-thought data is an essential post-training step for reasoning language models. Standard machine learning intuition suggests that training with more unique training samples yields better generalization. Counterintuitively, we show that SFT benefits from repetition: under a fixed update budget, training for more epochs on smaller datasets outperforms single-epoch training on larger datasets. On AIME'24/25 and GPQA benchmarks, Olmo3-7B trained for 128 epochs on 400 samples outperforms the equivalent 1 epoch on 51200 samples by 12-26 percentage points, with no additional catastrophic forgetting. We find that training token accuracy reliably signals when repetition has saturated; improvements from additional epochs plateau at full memorization, a pattern consistent across all settings. These findings provide a practical approach for reasoning SFT, where scaling epochs with token accuracy as a stopping criterion can replace expensive undirected data scaling. We pose the repetition advantage, where full memorization coincides with improved generalization, as a new open problem for the community in understanding the training dynamics of large language models.
title Data Repetition Beats Data Scaling in Long-CoT Supervised Fine-Tuning
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11149