Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Wilson, Thomas G. Simpson, Anna M. Cameron, Andrew Collier Cloutier, Ryan Adibekyan, Vardan John, Ancy Anna Alibert, Yann Stalport, Manu Egger, Jo Ann Bonfanti, Andrea Billot, Nicolas Guterman, Pascal Maxted, Pierre F. L. Simon, Attila E. Sousa, Sergio G. Fridlund, Malcolm Beck, Mathias Bekkelien, Anja Salmon, Sebastien Van Grootel, Valerie Fossati, Luca Mustill, Alexander James Osborn, Hugh P. Zingales, Tiziano Hooton, Matthew J. Affer, Laura Aigrain, Suzanne Alonso, Roi Anglada, Guillem Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros Barczy, Tamas Navascues, David Barrado Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Beck, Thomas Benz, Willy Biondi, Federico Bonfils, Xavier Borsato, Luca Brandeker, Alexis Broeg, Christopher Buchhave, Lars A. Buder, Maximilian Cabrera, Juan Gaxiola, Sebastian Carrazco Charbonneau, David Charnoz, Sebastien Ciardi, David R. Collins, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Cosentino, Rosario Csizmadia, Szilard Cubillos, Patricio E. Dalal, Shweta Damasso, Mario Davenport, James R. A. Davies, Melvyn B. Deleuil, Magali Delrez, Laetitia Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier DiTomasso, Victoria Dragomir, Diana Dressing, Courtney D. Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Esparza-Borges, Emma Fortier, Andrea Fukuda, Izuru Fukui, Akihiko Gandolfi, Davide Ghedina, Adriano Giacalone, Steven Gill, Holden Gillon, Michael Chew, Yilen Gomez Maqueo Gudel, Manuel Guerra, Pere Gunther, Maximilian N. Hara, Nathan Harutyunyan, Avet Hayashi, Yuya Haywood, Raphaelle D. Holcomb, Rae Horne, Keith Hoyer, Sergio Huang, Chelsea X. Ikoma, Masahiro Isaak, Kate G. Jackman, James A. G. Jenkins, Jon M. Jensen, Eric L. N. Jontof-Hutter, Daniel Kawai, Yugo Kiss, Laszlo L. Lakeland, Ben S. Laskar, Jacques Latham, David W. Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Leleu, Adrien Lendl, Monika de Leon, Jerome Lienhard, Florian Lopez-Morales, Mercedes Lovis, Christophe Lund, Michael B. Luque, Rafael Magrin, Demetrio Malavolta, Luca Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martınez Mayo, Andrew W. Mayor, Michel Mordasini, Christoph Mortier, Annelies Murgas, Felipe Narita, Norio Nascimbeni, Valerio Nicholson, Belinda A. Olofsson, Goran Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Palethorpe, Larissa Palle, Enric Parviainen, Hannu Pedani, Marco Pepe, Francesco A. Peter, Gisbert Pinamonti, Matteo Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Poretti, Ennio Queloz, Didier Quinn, Samuel N. Ragazzoni, Roberto Rando, Nicola Rapetti, David Ratti, Francesco Rauer, Heike Rescigno, Federica Ribas, Ignasi Rice, Ken Ricker, George R. Robertson, Paul de Roche, Thierry Sabin, Laurence Santos, Nuno C. Sasselov, Dimitar D. Savel, Arjun B. Scandariato, Gaetano Schanche, Nicole Schroffenegger, Urs Schwarz, Richard P. Seager, Sara Sefako, Ramotholo Segransan, Damien Shporer, Avi Silva, Andre M. Smith, Alexis M. S. Sozzetti, Alessandro Steller, Manfred Szabo, Gyula M. Tamura, Motohide Thomas, Nicolas Tuson, Amy Udry, Stephane Vanderburg, Andrew Vanderspek, Roland K. Venturini, Julia Verrecchia, Francesco Walton, Nicholas A. Watson, Christopher A. Wells, Robert D. Winn, Joshua N. Zambelli, Roberto Ziegler, Carl |
| author_facet | Wilson, Thomas G. Simpson, Anna M. Cameron, Andrew Collier Cloutier, Ryan Adibekyan, Vardan John, Ancy Anna Alibert, Yann Stalport, Manu Egger, Jo Ann Bonfanti, Andrea Billot, Nicolas Guterman, Pascal Maxted, Pierre F. L. Simon, Attila E. Sousa, Sergio G. Fridlund, Malcolm Beck, Mathias Bekkelien, Anja Salmon, Sebastien Van Grootel, Valerie Fossati, Luca Mustill, Alexander James Osborn, Hugh P. Zingales, Tiziano Hooton, Matthew J. Affer, Laura Aigrain, Suzanne Alonso, Roi Anglada, Guillem Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros Barczy, Tamas Navascues, David Barrado Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Beck, Thomas Benz, Willy Biondi, Federico Bonfils, Xavier Borsato, Luca Brandeker, Alexis Broeg, Christopher Buchhave, Lars A. Buder, Maximilian Cabrera, Juan Gaxiola, Sebastian Carrazco Charbonneau, David Charnoz, Sebastien Ciardi, David R. Collins, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Cosentino, Rosario Csizmadia, Szilard Cubillos, Patricio E. Dalal, Shweta Damasso, Mario Davenport, James R. A. Davies, Melvyn B. Deleuil, Magali Delrez, Laetitia Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier DiTomasso, Victoria Dragomir, Diana Dressing, Courtney D. Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Esparza-Borges, Emma Fortier, Andrea Fukuda, Izuru Fukui, Akihiko Gandolfi, Davide Ghedina, Adriano Giacalone, Steven Gill, Holden Gillon, Michael Chew, Yilen Gomez Maqueo Gudel, Manuel Guerra, Pere Gunther, Maximilian N. Hara, Nathan Harutyunyan, Avet Hayashi, Yuya Haywood, Raphaelle D. Holcomb, Rae Horne, Keith Hoyer, Sergio Huang, Chelsea X. Ikoma, Masahiro Isaak, Kate G. Jackman, James A. G. Jenkins, Jon M. Jensen, Eric L. N. Jontof-Hutter, Daniel Kawai, Yugo Kiss, Laszlo L. Lakeland, Ben S. Laskar, Jacques Latham, David W. Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Leleu, Adrien Lendl, Monika de Leon, Jerome Lienhard, Florian Lopez-Morales, Mercedes Lovis, Christophe Lund, Michael B. Luque, Rafael Magrin, Demetrio Malavolta, Luca Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martınez Mayo, Andrew W. Mayor, Michel Mordasini, Christoph Mortier, Annelies Murgas, Felipe Narita, Norio Nascimbeni, Valerio Nicholson, Belinda A. Olofsson, Goran Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Palethorpe, Larissa Palle, Enric Parviainen, Hannu Pedani, Marco Pepe, Francesco A. Peter, Gisbert Pinamonti, Matteo Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Poretti, Ennio Queloz, Didier Quinn, Samuel N. Ragazzoni, Roberto Rando, Nicola Rapetti, David Ratti, Francesco Rauer, Heike Rescigno, Federica Ribas, Ignasi Rice, Ken Ricker, George R. Robertson, Paul de Roche, Thierry Sabin, Laurence Santos, Nuno C. Sasselov, Dimitar D. Savel, Arjun B. Scandariato, Gaetano Schanche, Nicole Schroffenegger, Urs Schwarz, Richard P. Seager, Sara Sefako, Ramotholo Segransan, Damien Shporer, Avi Silva, Andre M. Smith, Alexis M. S. Sozzetti, Alessandro Steller, Manfred Szabo, Gyula M. Tamura, Motohide Thomas, Nicolas Tuson, Amy Udry, Stephane Vanderburg, Andrew Vanderspek, Roland K. Venturini, Julia Verrecchia, Francesco Walton, Nicholas A. Watson, Christopher A. Wells, Robert D. Winn, Joshua N. Zambelli, Roberto Ziegler, Carl |
| contents | Small exoplanet radii show two populations, referred to as super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, separated by a gap known as the radius valley. This may be produced by the removal of atmospheres due to stellar or internal heating, or lack of an initial envelope. We us transit photometry and radial velocity measurements to detect and characterize four planets orbiting LHS 1903, a red dwarf (M-dwarf) star in the Milky Way's thick disk. The planets have orbital periods between 2.2 and 29.3 days, and span the radius valley within a single planetary system. The derived densities indicate that LHS 1903 b is rocky, while LHS 1903 c and LHS 1903 d have extended atmospheres. Although the most distant planet from the host star, LHS 1903 e, has no gaseous envelope, indicating it formed from gas-depleted material. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_11271 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903 Wilson, Thomas G. Simpson, Anna M. Cameron, Andrew Collier Cloutier, Ryan Adibekyan, Vardan John, Ancy Anna Alibert, Yann Stalport, Manu Egger, Jo Ann Bonfanti, Andrea Billot, Nicolas Guterman, Pascal Maxted, Pierre F. L. Simon, Attila E. Sousa, Sergio G. Fridlund, Malcolm Beck, Mathias Bekkelien, Anja Salmon, Sebastien Van Grootel, Valerie Fossati, Luca Mustill, Alexander James Osborn, Hugh P. Zingales, Tiziano Hooton, Matthew J. Affer, Laura Aigrain, Suzanne Alonso, Roi Anglada, Guillem Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros Barczy, Tamas Navascues, David Barrado Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Beck, Thomas Benz, Willy Biondi, Federico Bonfils, Xavier Borsato, Luca Brandeker, Alexis Broeg, Christopher Buchhave, Lars A. Buder, Maximilian Cabrera, Juan Gaxiola, Sebastian Carrazco Charbonneau, David Charnoz, Sebastien Ciardi, David R. Collins, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Cosentino, Rosario Csizmadia, Szilard Cubillos, Patricio E. Dalal, Shweta Damasso, Mario Davenport, James R. A. Davies, Melvyn B. Deleuil, Magali Delrez, Laetitia Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier DiTomasso, Victoria Dragomir, Diana Dressing, Courtney D. Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Esparza-Borges, Emma Fortier, Andrea Fukuda, Izuru Fukui, Akihiko Gandolfi, Davide Ghedina, Adriano Giacalone, Steven Gill, Holden Gillon, Michael Chew, Yilen Gomez Maqueo Gudel, Manuel Guerra, Pere Gunther, Maximilian N. Hara, Nathan Harutyunyan, Avet Hayashi, Yuya Haywood, Raphaelle D. Holcomb, Rae Horne, Keith Hoyer, Sergio Huang, Chelsea X. Ikoma, Masahiro Isaak, Kate G. Jackman, James A. G. Jenkins, Jon M. Jensen, Eric L. N. Jontof-Hutter, Daniel Kawai, Yugo Kiss, Laszlo L. Lakeland, Ben S. Laskar, Jacques Latham, David W. Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Leleu, Adrien Lendl, Monika de Leon, Jerome Lienhard, Florian Lopez-Morales, Mercedes Lovis, Christophe Lund, Michael B. Luque, Rafael Magrin, Demetrio Malavolta, Luca Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martınez Mayo, Andrew W. Mayor, Michel Mordasini, Christoph Mortier, Annelies Murgas, Felipe Narita, Norio Nascimbeni, Valerio Nicholson, Belinda A. Olofsson, Goran Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Palethorpe, Larissa Palle, Enric Parviainen, Hannu Pedani, Marco Pepe, Francesco A. Peter, Gisbert Pinamonti, Matteo Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Poretti, Ennio Queloz, Didier Quinn, Samuel N. Ragazzoni, Roberto Rando, Nicola Rapetti, David Ratti, Francesco Rauer, Heike Rescigno, Federica Ribas, Ignasi Rice, Ken Ricker, George R. Robertson, Paul de Roche, Thierry Sabin, Laurence Santos, Nuno C. Sasselov, Dimitar D. Savel, Arjun B. Scandariato, Gaetano Schanche, Nicole Schroffenegger, Urs Schwarz, Richard P. Seager, Sara Sefako, Ramotholo Segransan, Damien Shporer, Avi Silva, Andre M. Smith, Alexis M. S. Sozzetti, Alessandro Steller, Manfred Szabo, Gyula M. Tamura, Motohide Thomas, Nicolas Tuson, Amy Udry, Stephane Vanderburg, Andrew Vanderspek, Roland K. Venturini, Julia Verrecchia, Francesco Walton, Nicholas A. Watson, Christopher A. Wells, Robert D. Winn, Joshua N. Zambelli, Roberto Ziegler, Carl Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Small exoplanet radii show two populations, referred to as super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, separated by a gap known as the radius valley. This may be produced by the removal of atmospheres due to stellar or internal heating, or lack of an initial envelope. We us transit photometry and radial velocity measurements to detect and characterize four planets orbiting LHS 1903, a red dwarf (M-dwarf) star in the Milky Way's thick disk. The planets have orbital periods between 2.2 and 29.3 days, and span the radius valley within a single planetary system. The derived densities indicate that LHS 1903 b is rocky, while LHS 1903 c and LHS 1903 d have extended atmospheres. Although the most distant planet from the host star, LHS 1903 e, has no gaseous envelope, indicating it formed from gas-depleted material. |
| title | Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903 |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11271 |